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UTILITY SYSTEMS DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR C3I FACILITIES
TM 5-690
TECHNICAL MANUAL
GROUNDING AND BONDING
IN COMMAND, CONTROL,
COMMUNICATIONS, COMPUTER,
INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE,
AND RECONNAISSANCE (C4ISR)
FACILITIES
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE: DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED
HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
15 FEBRUARY 2002
241994561.001.png
TM 5-690
REPRODUCTION AUTHORIZATION/RESTRICTIONS
This manual has been prepared by or for the Government and,
except to the extent indicated below, is public property and not
subject to copyright.
Copyrighted material included in the manual has been used with
the knowledge and permission of the proprietors and is
acknowledged as such at point of use. Anyone wishing to make
further use of any copyrighted material, by itself and apart from
this text, should seek necessary permission directly from the
proprietors.
Reprint or republication of this manual should include a credit
substantially as follows: “Department of the Army, TM 5-690,
Grounding and Bonding in Command, Control, Communications,
Computer, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
(C4ISR) Facilities, 15 February 2002.”
If the reprint or republication includes copyrighted material, the
credit should also state: “Anyone wishing to make further use of
copyrighted material, by itself and apart from this text, should
seek necessary permission directly from the proprietor.”
TM 5-690
Technical Manual
HEADQUARTERS
DEPARTENT OF THE ARY
No. 5-690
Washington, DC , 15 February 2002
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED
Grounding and Bonding in Command, Control, Communications, Computer,
Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) Facilities
Paragraph
Page
CHAPTER 1 .
INTRODUCTION
Purpose
1-1
1-1
Scope
1-2
1-2
Objectives
1-3
1-2
References
1-4
1-2
Overview of the inspection program
1-5
1-2
CHAPTER 2 .
FACILITY ELEMENTS AND PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS
2-1
2-1
Element descriptions
2-2
2-1
C4ISR facility protection requirements
2-3
2-17
Role of grounding
2-4
2-26
Role of bonding
2-5
2-27
Role of shielding
2-6
2-28
CHAPTER 3.
FACILITY GROUND SYSTEM FOR NEW C4ISR FACILITIES
3-1
3-1
Earth electrode subsystem
3-2
3-2
Fault protection subsystem
3-3
3-17
Lightning protection subsystem
3-4
3-30
Signal reference subsystem.
3-5
3-58
CHAPTER 4.
ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE (EMI) PROTECTION
Purpose of EMI protection
4-1
4-1
Typical configuration
4-2
4-1
Design considerations
4-3
4-2
Typical components and installation details
4-4
4-7
Interfaces with other grounding and bonding subsystems
4-5
4-18
Inspections and testing
4-6
4-18
Baseline configuration documentation
4-7
4-20
CHAPTER 5 .
ELECTROMAGNETTC PULSE (EMP) PROTECTION
Purpose of EMP protection
5-1
5-1
Types of EMP
5-2
5-1
i
Generic C4ISR facility elements
Ground systems
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TM 5-690
Paragraph
Page
Effects of EMP on facility systems
5-3
5-2
Grounding protection against EMP
5-4
5-3
Typical components and installation details
5-5
5-4
Interfaces with other grounding and bonding subsystems
5-6
5-5
Inspections and testing
5-7
5-5
Baseline configuration documentation
5-8
5-7
CHAPTER 6 .
EVALUATING, MODIFYING, AND MAINTAINING
Purpose of evaluating, modifying and maintaining
6-1
6-1
C4ISR facilities
Facility survey
6-2
6-1
Performance evaluation program
6-3
6-12
Upgrades
6-4
6-12
Expansions
6-5
6-14
CHAPTER 7 .
MAINTENANCE OF GROUNDING AND BONDING SYSTEMS
Purpose of maintenance of grounding and bonding systems 7-1
7-1
Configuration control
7-2
7-1
Maintenance and repair records
7-3
7-1
Earth electrode subsystem
7-4
7-2
Fault protection subsystem
7-5
7-3
Lightning protection subsystem
7-6
7-3
Signal reference subsystem
7-7
7-4
Facility shielding
7-8
7-5
Performance evaluation program
7-9
7-5
APPENDIX A
REFERENCES
A-1
G-1
GLOSSARY
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Title
Page
2-1
Grounding and bonding principles for structures
2-3
2-2
Grounding and bonding principles for power distribution
2-7
2-3
Grounding and bonding principles for non-electrical utilities
2-8
2-4
Grounding and bonding principles for heating, ventilation,
2-9
and air-conditioning
2-5
Grounding and bonding principles for earth electrode subsystem
2-10
2-6
Grounding and bonding principles for lightning protection
2-11
2-7
Grounding and bonding principles for communications
2-13
2-8
Grounding and bonding principles for computers and data processing
2-15
2-9
Grounding and bonding principles for controls
2-16
2-10
Grounding and bonding principles for personnel support equipment
2-17
3-1
Approximate soil resistivity
3-3
3-2
Relative advantages and disadvantages of the principal types
3-6
of earth electrodes
ii
EXISTING C4ISR FACILITIES
TM 5-690
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
3-3
Minimum requirements for roof and down conductors on
3-41
structures not greater than 75 feet (23 meters) in height
3-4
Minimum requirements for roof and down conductors on
3-42
structures greater than 75 feet (23 meters) in height
3-5
Generalized characteristics for surge arresters by type
3-49
3-6
Typical withstand level limits for electrical devices
3-51
3-7
Size of equipment ground cables
3-65
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
Title
Page
Figure 2-1
One-line diagram of a generic ac power subsystem
2-4
Figure 2-2
Typical ac power subsystem configuration
2-6
Figure 2-3
Required grounding for separately derived systems
2-20
Figure 2-4
Required grounding for non-separately derived systems
2-21
Figure 2-5
Recommended TEMPEST signal reference subsystem
2-25
Figure 2-6
Recommended power grounding for secure facilities
2-26
Figure 3-1
Earth electrode subsystem configuration for
rectangular shaped facility
3-8
Figure 3-2
Earth electrode subsystem configuration for irregular shaped facility
3-10
Figure 3-3
Electrode configuration for closely adjacent structures
3-11
Figure 3-4
Typical grounding well installation
3-12
Figure 3-5
Sample of completed DA Form 7452-R
3-16
Figure 3-6
Grounding for fault protection
3-18
Figure 3-7
Typical equipment fault protection subsystem
3-20
Figure 3-8
Single-phase 120/240 volt ac power ground connection
3-21
Figure 3-9
Three-phase 120/208 volt ac power system ground connections
3-22
Figure 3-10
Single service entrance with common equipment grounding conductor
3-23
Figure 3-11
Single service entrance without common equipment grounding conductor 3-24
Figure 3-12
Sample of completed DA Form 7452-1-R
3-27
Figure 3-13
150-foot radius of protection
3-31
Figure 3-14
Mean annual number of thunderstorm days based on the
period 1948 to 1972
3-32
Figure 3-15
Location of air terminals on gently sloping roofs
3-34
Figure 3-16
Location of air terminals for common roof types
3-35
Figure 3-17
Air terminal placement on flat-roofed structures
3-36
Figure 3-18
Lower roof protection for flat roof 25-feet or less high
3-37
Figure 3-19
Lower roof protection provided by pitched roof 25-feet or less high
3-38
Figure 3-20
Lower roof protection for flat roof 50-feet or less high
3-39
Figure 3-21
Lower roof protection for pitched roof 50-feet or less high
3-40
Figure 3-22
Criteria for dead end coverage
3-40
Figure 3-23
Recommended construction practices for integral lightning
protection systems
3-43
Figure 3-24
Overhead ground wire lightning protection system
3-44
Figure 3-25
Secondary ac surge arrester installation, grounded service
3-47
iii

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