TC 90-1 Training for Military Ops on Urban Terrain.pdf

TC 90-1

TRAINING CIRCULAR

No. 90-1

HEADQUARTERS

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

Washington, D.C., 30 September 1993

TC 90-1

TRAINING FOR

MILITARY

OPERATIONS

ON URBANIZED

TERRAIN

CONTENTS

PREFACE

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

Section I. EFFECTS OF URBAN TERRAIN

1-1. Limitations

1-2. Training Strategy

1-3. Definitions

1-4. Facilities and Programs

Section II. DEVELOPMENT OF MISSION-ESSENTIAL TASK LIST

1-5. War Plans

1-6. External Directives

1-7. Task List

1-8. Types of Evaluation

Section III. BATTALION INTEGRATED TRAINING

1-9. Prerequisite Training

1-10. Individual Task Training

1-11. Collective Task Training

1-12. Risk Assessment

CHAPTER 2. MOUT ASSAULT COURSE

2-1. Training Information

2-2. Typical MOUT Assault Course Station Layout

2-3. Station 1: Vault and Fight

2-4. Station 2: Clearing Techniques Building

2-5. Station 3: Grenadier Gunnery

2-6. Station 4: Destiny Doorway

2-7. Station 5: Dodge City

2-8. Station 6: Grenade House

2-9. Station 7: Urban Defense

2-10. Substation 7A: Upper-Floor Entry Techniques

2-11. Substation 7B: Prepared Defense

2-12. Substation 7C: Basement Counterattack

2-13. Station 8: Underground Trainer

CHAPTER 3. COLLECTIVE TRAINING FACILITY

3-1. Description

3-2. Raining in the Collective Training Facility

3-3. Tactical Exercise Without Troops

3-4. MOUT Collective Training Exercises

CHAPTER 4. SPECIAL MOUT CONSIDERATIONS

AND LESSONS LEARNED

Section I. SPECIAL MOUT CONSIDERATIONS

4-1. The Threat

4-2. Precision MOUT Operations

4-3. Combined Arms Operations

4-4. Command, Control, and Communications

4-5. Firepower

4-6. Maneuver

4-7. Protection

4-8. Leadership

4-9. Terrain

Section II. BATTLEFIELD OPERATING SYSTEM LESSONS

LEARNED

4-10. Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield

4-11. Maneuver-by Operation

4-12. Maneuver-Clearing Building

4-13. Maneuver-Sniper Employment

4-14. Fire Support

4-15. Mobility/Countermobility/Survivability

4-16. Combat Service Support

4-17. Command and Control-by Operation

4-18. Command and Control-Liaison Officers

4-19. Rules of Engagement

APPENDIX A. MOUT CLASSROOM SUBJECTS

APPENDIX B. AUDIOVISUAL MATERIALS

APPENDIX C. MOUT TRAINING COMPLEXES

APPENDIX D. TRAINING TIPS

APPENDIX E. EXAMPLE STXs AND FTXs

APPENDIX F. EXAMPLE TRAINING PLAN

GLOSSARY

REFERENCES

AUTHORIZATION

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

*This publication supersedes TC 90-1, 9 June 1986.

PREFACE

This manual provides guidance for leaders who train soldiers for military operations on urbanized terrain

(MOUT). Leaders plan and conduct training so they can prepare soldiers to survive and win in urban

combat. This training must follow a crawl, walk, and run sequence for individual tasks, collective tasks,

and training exercises. This manual is keyed to the standard MOUT training complex, but it can also be

applied to other MOUT training facilities. It is based on FM 90-10 , FM 90-10-1 , drill books, mission

training plans (MTPs), and soldiers’ manuals.

The proponent of this publication is the US Army Infantry School. Submit changes for improving this

publication on DA Form 2028 directly to Commandant, US Army Infantry School, ATTN:

ATSH-OTT-T, Fort Benning, Georgia 31905-5593.

Unless this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns and pronouns do not refer exclusively to men.

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

T his manual prepares commanders and leaders for the stress and requirements of urban

combat. Chapter 1 discusses considerations for military operations on urbanized terrain

(MOUT), mission-essential task list (METL), and battalion integrated training. Chapter 2

describes the MOUT assault course (MAC), which includes a new live-fire station (grenade

house), and incorporates doctrine and tactics from FM 90-10-1 and the ARTEP MTPs.

Chapter 3 describes the collective training facility (CTF) and provides layouts aid training

scenarios for the standard 16-building and 32-building CTFS. Chapter 4 focuses on special

MOUT considerations and lessons learned.

Section 1. EFFECTS OF URBAN TERRAIN

Friendly and enemy doctrines recommend avoiding combat in built-up areas. War in

Europe, Korea, or any other heavily populated region would require MOUT. However,

urban terrain, which may cover a significant geographical area, may be attacked for reasons

of tactical or political necessity or because it cannot be bypassed. The increasing probability

of and focus on low-intensity conflict (LIC), urban terrorism, urban insurgency, and civil

disorder require that commanders and leaders increase emphasis on the tactics and

techniques of urban combat.

1-1. LIMITATIONS

The requirement for combat in built-up areas creates a variety of problems with troop control, maneuver,

and equipment utilization. In addition, urban combat imposes demands that differ from those in

conventional field conditions. These demands include requirements for a larger operational focus, a

slower pace and tempo of operations, a longer duration of commitment, and continuous communications

between soldiers and between units. Urban combat could also require either longer or no preparatory and

counterpreparatory fires. The ROE may prohibit such fires, or the commander may do so to limit

rubbling.

a. The success of urban defensive operations and insurgent or terrorist actions depends on holding

or attacking critical areas that provide psychological advantages, stability, and freedom of

maneuver to whoever possesses them. Either way, combat in urban areas breaks down into many

small-unit battles. These battles are fought by battalions, companies, platoons, and squads; or, in

confined areas, they are fought by small assault groups. These small-scale battles make centralized

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