Testkiller CISCO Study Guide Exam 640-504 Edition 2.pdf

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CISCO
STUDY GUIDE
Building Cisco Multilayer
Switched Networks (BCMSN)
640-504
Edition 2
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Congratulations!!
You have purchased a Testkiller, Ltd Study Guide.
This study guide is a selection of keypoints you will need to know to pass
the official CCNP 640-504 Switching exam. Study and memorize the fol-
lowing concepts, keypoints and problems for approximately 15 to 20 hours
and you will be prepared to take the exams. We guarantee it!
Remember, average study time is 15 to 20 hours and then you are ready!!!
GOOD LUCK!
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Table of Contents
Overview of a Campus Network......................................................................................... 1
A Solution to Broadcast Domain Issues: Localize Traffic ............................................. 1
Current Campus Networks.............................................................................................. 1
The 80/20 Rule................................................................................................................ 1
The New 20/80 Rule ....................................................................................................... 1
The Emerging Campus Network .................................................................................... 2
Emerging Campus Structure ........................................................................................... 2
The Hierarchical Model .................................................................................................. 2
The Access Layer........................................................................................................ 2
The Distribution Layer................................................................................................ 3
The Core Layer ........................................................................................................... 3
The Building Block Approach ........................................................................................ 3
Connecting the Switch Block.......................................................................................... 3
Cable Media Types ............................................................................................................. 3
Ethernet ........................................................................................................................... 4
Fast Ethernet ...................................................................................................................4
Cabling Switch Block Devices ....................................................................................... 4
Configuring Connectivity within the Switch Block........................................................ 4
Defining Common Workgroups with LANs....................................................................... 4
Layer2 Campus Network ................................................................................................ 4
VLANs ............................................................................................................................ 5
Defining VLAN Boundaries ....................................................................................... 5
Link Types .................................................................................................................. 5
VLAN Frame Identification Methods......................................................................... 5
Configuring a Trunk Link ........................................................................................... 6
VTP Modes of Operation................................................................................................ 6
Managing Redundant Links ................................................................................................ 7
Contents of BPDU .......................................................................................................... 7
Spanning-Tree Port States............................................................................................... 7
Inter-VLAN Routing....................................................................................................... 7
Improving IP Routing Performance with Multilayer Switching......................................... 8
MLS Components ........................................................................................................... 8
Creating a NULL Domain .............................................................................................. 8
Configuring HSRP for Fault Tolerance Routing ................................................................ 8
Routing Issues in a Redundant Environment.................................................................. 8
HSRP Group Members ............................................................................................... 9
HSRP States ................................................................................................................ 9
Multicast Overview..................................................................................................... 9
Controlling Access to the Campus Network....................................................................... 9
Applying Policies in a Hierarchical Model..................................................................... 9
Managing Network Devices ......................................................................................... 10
Port Security.................................................................................................................. 10
Key Concepts
Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks
Overview of a Campus Network
A campus is a building or group of buildings connected into one enterprise network that
consists of many LANs. A campus is further defined as a company or a portion of a com-
pany contained in a fixed geographic area. The major problem with traditional networks
is availability and performance. These two problems are impacted by the amount of
bandwidth in the network.
A Solution to Broadcast Domain Issues: Localize Traffic
There are two main options for addressing the broadcast containment issue for large
switched LAN sites. The first option is to use routers to create many subnets, logically
segmenting the traffic. LAN broadcasts do not pass through routers. The second option is
to implement virtual LANs (VLANs) within the switched network.
Current Campus Networks
Most campus networks now consists of two components:
1. LAN switches
2. Routers
The 80/20 Rule
Ideally the end users with common interests or work patterns are placed in the same logi-
cal network as the servers they access most often. The 80/20 rule states that in a properly
designed network environment 80% of the traffic on a given network segment is local.
Not more than 20% of the network traffic should move across the backbone. Backbone
congestion indicates that the traffic patterns are not meeting the 80/20 rule.
The New 20/80 Rule
Traffic patterns are moving toward what is now referred to as the 20/80 model. In the
20/80 model only 20% of traffic is local to the workgroup LAN and 80% of the traffic is
required to go off the local network.
1
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The Emerging Campus Network
The key requirements placing pressure on the emerging campus designs are as follows:
• Fast convergence
• Deterministic paths
• Deterministic failover
• Scalable size and throughput
• Centralized applications
• The new 20/80 Rule
• Multiprotocol support
• Multicasting
Emerging Campus Structure
Services can be separated into three separate categories:
1. Local services
2. Remote services
3. Enterprise services
The Hierarchical Model
The layers within the hierarchical model are defined as follows:
1. Access layer
2. Distributionlayer
3. Core layer
The Access Layer
Some of the functions represented by Access layer are Shared bandwidth, Switched
bandwidth, and Layer 2 services.
2
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