Milton H Erickson & Ernest L Rossi - Hipnosis Eriksoniana(1).pdf - Milton Erickson - enigma72

EXPERIENCING

HYPNOSIS:

THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO ALTERED STATES

By Milton H. Erickson, M.D.

and Ernest L. Rossi, Ph.D.

IRVINGTON PUBLISHERS, Inc., New York

or retrieval, in whole or in part (except for brief quotations in critical articles or reviews), without written permission

from the publisher. For information, write to: Irvington Publishers, Inc.

740 Broadway, NY NY 10003

ISBN 0-8290-0246-4

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES

Reprint Edition 1992

EXPERIENCING HYPNOSIS:

THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO ALTERED STATES

Dr. Milton Erickson and Dr. Ernest Rossi

We dedicate this volume to Elizabeth Erickson and Margaret Ryan, whose thoughtful editorial

work has made it possible.

CONTENTS

Introduction

I. The Indirect Approaches to Hypnosis

a. Hypnosis in Psychiatry: The Ocean Monarch Lecture

b. Utilization Approaches to Indirect Communication

1. Language and the Art of Suggestion

2. Multiple Levels of Communication in Hypnosis

3. Internal Responses as the Essence of Suggestion

4. Indirect Communication in the Ocean Monarch Lecture

II. Catalepsy in Hypnotic Induction and Therapy

a. Catalepsy in Historical Perspective

b. Recognizing Spontaneous Catalepsy

c. Facilitating Catalepsy

d. Utilizing Catalepsy

e. Summary

f. Exercises with Catalepsy

Demonstration in the Use of Catalepsy in Hypnotic Induction: Hand Levitation in a Blind

Subject

III. Ideomotor Signaling in Hypnotic Induction and Therapy

a. Ideomotor Movements and Signaling in Historical Perspective

b. Recognizing Spontaneous Ideomotor Signaling

c. Facilitating Ideomotor Signaling

d. Facilitating Ideosensory Signaling

e. Utilizing Ideomotor Signaling

f. Summary

g. Exercises in Ideomotor Signaling

An Audio-Visual Demonstration of Ideomotor Movements and Catalepsy: The Reverse

Set to Facilitate Hypnotic Induction

IV. The Experiential Learning of Trance by the Skeptical Mind

Session One: The Experiential Learning of Minimal Manifestations of Trance

Session Two: The Experiential Learning of Hypnotic Phenomena

1. Dissociation and the Modern Experiential Approach to Altered States

2. Learning Indirect Communication: Frames of Reference, Metalevels, and

Psychotherapy

INTRODUCTION

This book is a continuation of our earlier work in Hypnotic Realities (Erickson, Rossi, &

Rossi, 1976) and Hypnotherapy: An Exploratory Casebook (Erickson & Rossi, 1979),

whereby the senior author, Milton H. Erickson, trains the junior author, Ernest L. Rossi, in

clinical hypnosis. Taken together, these three volumes present a deepening view of what

hypnosis is and the ways in which a creative process of hypnotherapy can be achieved. The

material in these volumes touches ultimately on the nature of human consciousness and

suggests a variety of open-ended approaches to facilitate its exploration in hypnotherapy as

well as in more formal research situations.

Indirect communication is the overall concept we use to cover what we have variously

described as two-level communication, the naturalistic approach, and the utilization

approach. The common denominator of all these approaches is that hypnotherapy involves

something more than simple talk on a single, objective level. The readily apparent, overt

content of a message is like the tip of an iceberg. The recipient of indirect communication is

usually not aware of the extent to which his or her associative processes have been set in

motion automatically in many directions. Hypnotic suggestion received in this manner results

in the automatic evocation and utilization of the patient's own unique repertory of response

potentials to achieve therapeutic goals that might have been otherwise beyond reach. In our

previous volumes we outlined the operation of this process as the microdynamics of trance

induction and suggestion. Although this is the essence of the senior author's original

contribution to modern suggestion theory, we will review in this volume some of the many

means and meanings that other authors have used as they struggled to reach an

understanding of indirect communication in the long history of hypnosis.

The first section of this volume presents an historically important lecture on clinical

hypnosis by the senior author wherein we witness his transition from the older authoritarian

approach to hypnosis to the new permissive approaches, which he pioneered. Due to the

unique nature of this presentation, an audio cassette of it accompanies this volume. We

strongly recommend that our professional readers listen to this cassette and savor it a bit

before dealing with the lecture as presented in the text.

The second and third sections of this volume focus on the phenomena of catalepsy and

ideomotor signaling, two of the senior author's basic approaches to trance induction and

hypnotherapy. The primary concern is the practical question of how to induce therapeutic

trance and how to evoke the patient's repertory of life experiences and involuntary response

systems that are utilized in hypnotherapy. As is characteristic of our previous work, the

growing edge of our current understanding of the subjective experience of clinical trance and

altered states is discussed throughout.

A film of Erickson made by Ernest Hilgard and Jay Haley at Stanford University is

available from Irvington Publishers for study by serious students who wish to observe the

nonverbal aspects of Erickson's I innovative work utilizing the reverse set in hypnotic

induction presented in Section III. We believe that further research on and development of

this reverse-set approach will greatly expand our understanding of the dynamics of trance

and serve as the foundation for a new generation of more effective approaches in

hypnotherapy.

The fourth section, dealing with the experiential learning of hypnosis, illustrates one of

the senior author's favorite occupations in recent years: the training of professionals in the

use of clinical hypnosis by allowing them to experience the process themselves. The two

sessions presented in this section are illustrative of the problem faced by a modern, rational,

scientifically trained mind in learning to experience hypnotic phenomena. Herein are

illustrated many of the phenomena and paradoxes of modern consciousness as it seeks to

understand more about itself by making an effort to transcend its current limitations.

Ernest Rossi Malibu, California

SECTION I

The Indirect Approach to Hypnosis

We begin here by illustrating the indirect approach to hypnotic communication through

the transcription of a lecture given by the senior author before a group of his professional

colleagues. We then outline our current understanding of this approach and its relevance for

facilitating the processes of hypnotic induction and therapeutic trance.

A. HYPNOSIS IN PSYCHIATRY: THE OCEAN MONARCH

LECTURE

This lecture is an unusually clear and succinct presentation of the senior author's

approach to hypnotic induction and hypnotherapy. Given at the height of his teaching career,

it represents an important shift away from the authoritarian methods of the past to his

pioneering work with the more permissive and insightful approaches characteristic of our

current era. In the actual words of this presentation we can witness how important concepts

are in transition. While Erickson still uses the words technique and control a number of

times—and even manipulate and seduce appear once each—it is evident from the broader

context that they are outmoded in the traditional authoritarian sense in which they had been

used.

A paradigmatic shift is taking place in this presentation: It is now recognized that the

most significant person in the hypnotherapeutic interaction is the patient, not the therapist.

The patient's potentials and proclivities account for most of the variance (what actually

happens) in hypnotherapy, not the purported "powers" of the hypnotist. The therapist does

not command the patient; rather, as the senior author says, "It is always a matter of offering

them [patients] the opportunity of responding to an idea." It is now recognized that the

hypnotherapist offers the patient many approaches to hypnotic experience rather than

imposing hypnotic techniques. The concept of technique implies the mechanical and

repetitious application of a particular procedure in the same way to every patient with the

intent of producing a preconceived and predictable response. The concept of approaches

implies the profferance of alternatives to help each patient bypass his or her own particular

learned limitations so that the various hypnotic phenomena and hypnotherapeutic responses

may be experienced.

Therapists do not "control" the patients; rather, they help the patients learn to "utilize"

their own potentials and repertory of unconscious skills in new ways to facilitate the desired

therapeutic outcome. This new orientation requires the development of many observational

and performance skills by hypnotherapists. More than ever it is required that they learn to

recognize and appreciate each patient as a unique individual. Every hypnotherapeutic

interaction is essentially a creative endeavor; certain known principles are being applied, but

the infinite possibilities within each patient require an essentially exploratory approach to

achieve the therapeutic goals.

This lecture is highly characteristic of the senior author's style of presenting his approach

to hypnotic induction and hypnotherapy. Listening to it on the cassette accompanying this

volume in a relaxed mood may have important values for the reader that are not contained in

the edited version presented in this volume. Before reading any further, then, the reader may

best listen to the cassette labeled "Hypnosis in Psychiatry: The Ocean Monarch Lecture."

Those readers who are familiar with our two previous books in this series will know why we

recommend listening to the cassette first. Other readers will understand the reasons after

reading the discussion of this tape that follows its edited version on these pages. Please

listen now to the lecture.

A. HYPNOSIS IN PSYCHIATRY:

Milton H Erickson & Ernest L Rossi - Hipnosis Eriksoniana(1).pdf

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