CAMBRIDGE English in Nineteenth-Century England.pdf

This book provides an introduction to the distinctive features of

nineteenth-century English in England, from spelling to text-types. It

examines a wide range of varieties, including political speeches,

newspaper articles, advertisements, obituaries, Sunday-school poetry and

culinary recipes, in order to illustrate the range of dialects and levels found

in the language of that period. The first part of the book provides an

overview of the subject, while the second part contains an extensive

selection of texts. A hundred exercises spread throughout the book serve to

introduce the student to the problems and methods involved in English

historical linguistics.

MANFRED GORLACHis Professor and Chair of English linguistics

and medieval studies at the University of Koln (Cologne). He has written

and edited some twenty books, mainly in the fields of Middle English

saints' legends, English historical linguistics and English as a world

language. These include Introduction to Early Modern English (1991) and

An Annotated Bibliography of 19th-century Grammars of English (1998).

He is also the author of over seventy papers and numerous review articles.

English in

Nineteenth-Century England

An introduction

MANFRED GORLACH

CAMBRIDGE

UNIVERSITY PRESS

PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE

The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK

http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk

40 West 20th Street, New York NY 10011-4211, USA

http://www.cup.org

10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia

This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant

collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the

written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 1999

Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge

Typeset in Times [A U ]

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data

Gorlach, Manfred.

English in nineteenth-century England: an introduction / Manfred Gorlach.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

ISBN 0 521 47101 X (hardback). - ISBN 0 521 47684 4 (paperback)

1. English language - 19th century - Grammar, Historical.

2. English language - 19th century — Social aspects - England.

3. English language - 19th century - Variation - England.

4. English language - 19th century - Dialects - England.

I. Title.

PE1085.G67 1999

420'.9'034-dc2 98-53642 CIP

ISBN 0 521 47101 X hardback

ISBN 0 521 47684 4 paperback

Contents

List of abbreviations

Preface

Acknowledgements

List of figures

List of texts

page vii

viii

1.1

1.2

Introduction

Motivations for the present book

Historical foundations of nineteenth-century English

Regional and social varieties

Attitudes

Written and spoken English

Dialect and dialectology

Sociolect

Chronolects and the awareness of linguistic change

Spelling and pronunciation

Spelling

Spelling reform

Punctuation

Pronunciation

Word stress, sentence stress and intonation

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

Inflection

Nouns

Adjectives

Pronouns

Verbs

5.1

5.2

5.3

5.4

Syntax

Introduction

A survey of syntactical change

Individual problem areas

Text syntax

Lexis

Introduction

Internal borrowing

Loanwords from foreign languages

Word-formation

Meaning and change of meaning

102

106

118

125

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5

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