The Blackwell Companion to the Philosophy of Biology.pdf

A Companion to

the Philosophy of Biology

Blackwell Companions to Philosophy

This outstanding student reference series offers a comprehensive and authoritative survey of philosophy as

a whole. Written by today’s leading philosophers, each volume provides lucid and engaging coverage of the

key ﬁ gures, terms, topics, and problems of the ﬁ eld. Taken together, the volumes provide the ideal basis for

course use, representing an unparalleled work of reference for students and specialists alike.

Already published in the series:

23. A Companion to Early Modern Philosophy

Edited by Steven Nadler

24. A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle

Ages

Edited by Jorge J. E. Gracia and

Timothy B. Noone

25. A Companion to African-American

Philosophy

Edited by Tommy L. Lott and John P. Pittman

26. A Companion to Applied Ethics

Edited by R. G. Frey and

Christopher Heath Wellman

27. A Companion to the Philosophy of Education

Edited by Randall Curren

28. A Companion to African Philosophy

Edited by Kwasi Wiredu

29. A Companion to Heidegger

Edited by Hubert L. Dreyfus and

Mark A. Wrathall

30. A Companion to Rationalism

Edited by Alan Nelson

31. A Companion to Ancient Philosophy

Edited by Mary Louise Gill and Pierre Pellegrin

32. A Companion to Pragmatism

Edited by John R. Shook and Joseph Margolis

33. A Companion to Nietzsche

Edited by Keith Ansell Pearson

34. A Companion to Socrates

Edited by Sara Ahbel-Rappe and

Rachana Kamtekar

35. A Companion to Phenomenology and

Existentialism

Edited by Hubert L. Dreyfus and

Mark A. Wrathall

36. A Companion to Kant

Edited by Graham Bird

37. A Companion to Plato

Edited by Hugh H. Benson

38. A Companion to Descartes

Edited by Janet Broughton and John Carriero

39. A Companion to the Philosophy of Biology

1. The Blackwell Companion to Philosophy,

Second Edition

Edited by Nicholas Bunnin and Eric Tsui-James

2. A Companion to Ethics

Edited by Peter Singer

3. A Companion to Aesthetics

Edited by David Cooper

4. A Companion to Epistemology

Edited by Jonathan Dancy and Ernest Sosa

5. A Companion to Contemporary Political

Philosophy (2 Volume Set), Second Edition

Edited by Robert E. Goodin and Philip Pettit

6. A Companion to Philosophy of Mind

Edited by Samuel Guttenplan

7. A Companion to Metaphysics

Edited by Jaegwon Kim and Ernest Sosa

8. A Companion to Philosophy of Law and Legal

Theory

Edited by Dennis Patterson

9. A Companion to Philosophy of Religion

Edited by Philip L. Quinn and Charles Taliaferro

10. A Companion to the Philosophy of Language

Edited by Bob Hale and Crispin Wright

11. A Companion to World Philosophies

Edited by Eliot Deutsch and Ron Bontekoe

12. A Companion to Continental Philosophy

Edited by Simon Critchley and William Schroeder

13. A Companion to Feminist Philosophy

Edited by Alison M. Jaggar and

Iris Marion Young

14. A Companion to Cognitive Science

Edited by William Bechtel and George Graham

15. A Companion to Bioethics

Edited by Helga Kuhse and Peter Singer

16. A Companion to the Philosophers

Edited by Robert L. Arrington

17. A Companion to Business Ethics

Edited by Robert E. Frederick

18. A Companion to the Philosophy of Science

Edited by W. H. Newton-Smith

19. A Companion to Environmental Philosophy

Edited by Dale Jamieson

20. A Companion to Analytic Philosophy

Edited by A. P. Martinich and David Sosa

21. A Companion to Genethics

Edited by Justine Burley and John Harris

22. A Companion to Philosophical Logic

Edited by Sahotra Sarkar and Anya Plutynski

Forthcoming

40. A Companion to Hume

Edited by Elizabeth S. Radcliffe

41. A Companion to Aristotle

Edited by Dale Jacquette

Edited by Georgios Anagnostopoulos

A Companion

to the Philosophy

of Biology

Edited by

Sahotra Sarkar

and

Anya Plutynski

BLACKWELL PUBLISHING

350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA

9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK

550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia

The right of Sahotra Sarkar and Anya Plutynski to be identiﬁ ed as the authors of the editorial material in

this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988.

transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,

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trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor

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This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject

matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional

services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent

professional should be sought.

First published 2008 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd

1 2008

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A companion to the philosophy of biology / edited by Sahotra Sarkar and Anya Plutynski.

p. cm. – (Blackwell companions to philosophy ; 39)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-4051-2572-7 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Biology–Philosophy. I. Sarkar,

Sahotra. II. Plutynski,Anya.

QH331.C84232006

570.1–dc22

2007024735

A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library.

Set in 10 on 12.5 pt Photina

by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong

Printed and bound in Singapore

by Utopia Press Pte Ltd

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Contents

List of Figures

viii

List of Tables

Notes on Contributors

Acknowledgments

xvii

Introduction

xviii

Sahotra Sarkar and Anya Plutynski

Part I Molecular Biology and Genetics

1 Gene Concepts

Hans-Jörg Rheinberger and Staffan Müller-Wille

2 Biological Information

Stefan Artmann

3 Heredity and Heritability

Richard C. Lewontin

4 Genomics, Proteomics, and Beyond

Sahotra Sarkar

Part II Evolution

5 Darwinism and Neo-Darwinism

James G. Lennox

6 Systematics and Taxonomy

Marc Ereshefsky

7 Population Genetics

119

Christopher Stephens

8 The Units and Levels of Selection

138

Samir Okasha

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