The Worldwide History of Telecommunications by Anton A Huurdemann (2003).pdf

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Frontmatter
THE WORLDWIDE
HISTORY OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
THE WORLDWIDE
HISTORY OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
ANTON A. HUURDEMAN
A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION
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Cover: Inauguration of the New York–Chicago telephone line by A. Graham Bell on October 18, 1892.
(Scanned with permission of the ITU from Catherine Bertho Lavenir, Great Discoveries:
Telecommunications, International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, 1990, p. 39.)
Copyright 6 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
Published simultaneously in Canada.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Huurdeman, Anton A.
The worldwide history of telecommunications / Anton A. Huurdeman.
p. cm.
‘‘A Wiley-Interscience publication.’’
Includes index.
ISBN 0-471-20505-2 (cloth : alk. paper)
1. Telecommunication—History. I. Title.
TK5102.2 .H88 2003
384—dc21
2002027240
Printed in the United States of America
10987654321
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
xv
PREFACE
xvii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
xix
PART I INTRODUCTION AND PERIOD BEFORE 1800
1
1 Introduction
3
1.1 Definition of Telecommunications, 3
1.2 Telecommunications Tree, 7
1.3 Major Creators of Telecommunications, 11
2 Evolution of Telecommunications Up to 1800
14
2.1 Evolution of Telecommunications Prior to 1750, 14
2.2 Evolution of Telecommunications from 1750 to 1800, 16
3 Optical Telegraphy
18
3.1 Tachygraphe of Claude Chappe, 18
3.2 Optical Telegraph of Claude Chappe, 20
3.3 Beginning of Optical Telegraphy, 24
PART II PERIOD FROM 1800 TO 1850
27
4 Evolution of Telecommunications from 1800 to 1850
29
v
vi CONTENTS
5 Optical Telegraph Systems Worldwide
34
5.1 Optical Telegraph Systems in France, 34
5.1.1 Chappe Systems, 34
5.1.2 Other Optical Telegraph Systems in France, 37
5.2 Optical Telegraphy Outside France, 45
6 Electrical Telegraphy
48
6.1 Evolution Leading to Electrical Telegraphy, 48
6.2 Electrical Telegraphy in the United States, 55
6.2.1 Morse Telegraph, 55
6.2.2 Washington–Baltimore Electrical Telegraph Line, 59
6.2.3 Pioneering Telegraph Companies, 61
6.2.4 House Direct Printing Telegraph Systems, 65
6.3 Electrical Telegraphy in Canada, 66
6.4 Electrical Telegraphy in Great Britain, 66
6.4.1 Electrical Telegraphs of Cooke and Wheatstone, 66
6.4.2 Electrochemical Telegraph of Bain, 72
6.5 Electrical Telegraphy in France, 72
6.6 Electrical Telegraphy in Germany, 74
6.6.1 Railway Telegraph Lines in Germany, 74
6.6.2 German Electrical Telegraph Equipment for Public Use, 76
6.7 Electrical Telegraphy in Austria, 83
PART III PERIOD FROM 1850 TO 1900
85
7 Evolution of Telecommunications from 1850 to 1900
87
8 Electrical Telegraph Systems Worldwide
91
8.1 Telegraph Transmission Technology, 91
8.1.1 Open-Wire Lines, 91
8.1.2 Underground Cable, 94
8.1.3 Submarine Cable, 95
8.2 Electrical Telegraph Lines in the United States, 98
8.2.1 Western Union, 98
8.2.2 The Pony Express, 98
8.2.3 First Transcontinental Telegraph Line, 99
8.2.4 Collins Overland Telegraph Line and the Purchase of
Alaska, 100
8.2.5 The Hughes Direct Letter Printing Telegraph, 103
8.3 Electrical Telegraph Lines in Canada, 104
8.4 Electrical Telegraph Lines in Great Britain, 106
8.5 Summary of National Electrical Telegraph Achievements, 107
8.6 Major Terrestrial Telegraph Lines, 119
8.6.1 Australian Overland Telegraph Line, 119
8.6.2 Indo-European Telegraph Line, 124

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