The Handbook of Sociolinguistics (F. Coulmas -ed.).pdf

Contributors

Subject

Linguistics Ç Sociolinguistics

DOI:

10.1111/b.9780631211938.1998.00001.x

Gertraud Benke

Universitt Wien, Vienna

Matthias Brenzinger

Universitt zu Koln, Cologne

Willkiam Bright

Boulder, Colorado

Michael Clyne

Monash University, Clayton, Victoria

Florian Coulmas

Chuo university, Tokyo

Colette Grinevald Craig

University of Oregon, Eugene

Denise Daoust

Universit du Qubec Montral

Norman Denison

Universitt Graz

Penelope Eckert

Institute for Research on Learning, palo Alto, and Stanford university

Edward Finegan

University of Southern California, Los Angeles

Joshua A. Fishman

Yeshiva University, New York, and Stanford University

Ofelia Garcia

City College of New York

John Honey

Osaka International University

Gabriele Kasper

University of Hawai'i at manoa

R. B. Le Page

University of York

Gerhard Leitner

Gertraud Benke

Matthias Brenzinger

Willkiam Bright

Michael Clyne

Florian Coulmas

Colette Grinevald Craig

Denise Daoust

Norman Denison

Penelope Eckert

Edward Finegan

Joshua A. Fishman

Ofelia Garcia

John Honey

Gabriele Kasper

R. B. Le Page

Freie Universitt Berlin

Grant D. McConnell

Universit Laval, Qubec

John McWhorter

University of California, Berkeley

James Milroy

University of Newcastle upon Tyne

Lesley Milroy

University of Newcastle upon Tyne

Scotton

University of South Carolina, Columbia

Scotton

Peter Hans Nelde

Research Centre on Multilingualism, Katholieke Universiteit Brussel, Brussels

John R. Rickford

Stanford University

Celia Roberts

Thames Valley University, London

Harold F. Schiffaman

University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

Brian Street

University of Sussex, Brighton

Michael Stubbs

Universitt Trier

Keller

Universit Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg

Keller

Albert Verdoodt

Universit Catholique de louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve

Ludo Verhoeven

Nijmegen University

Ruth Wodak

Universitt Wien, Vienna

Walt Wolfram

North Carolina State University, Raleigh

Cite this article

"Contributors." The Handbook of Sociolinguistics. Coulmas, Florian (ed). Blackwell Publishing, 1998.

Blackwell Reference Online. 28 December 2007 <http://www.blackwellreference.com/subscriber/tocnode?

id=g9780631211938_chunk_g97806312119381>

Bibliographic Details

The Handbook of Sociolinguistics

Edited by:

Edited by: Florian Coulmas

eISBN:

eISBN: 9780631211938

Print publication date:

Print publication date: 1998

Grant D. McConnell

John McWhorter

James Milroy

Lesley Milroy

Carol Myers

Carol Myers-Scotton

Peter Hans Nelde

John R. Rickford

Celia Roberts

Harold F. Schiffaman

Brian Street

Michael Stubbs

Andre Tabouret

Andre Tabouret-Keller

Albert Verdoodt

Ludo Verhoeven

Ruth Wodak

Walt Wolfram

The Handbook of Sociolinguistics

Edited by:

eISBN:

Print publication date:

The Handbook of Sociolinguistics

Contributors

Introduction

Part I : Foundations

o 1. The Evolution of a Sociolinguistic Theory of Language

o 2. The Demography of Language

Part II : Social Dimensions of Language

o 3. Varieties and Variation

o 4. Language Change in Progress: Variation as it Happens

o 5. Social Factors in Language Change

o 6. Sociophonology

o 7. Dialect in Society

o 8. Gender as a Sociolinguistic Variable: New Perspectives on Variation Studies

o 9. Age as a Sociolinguistic Variable

o 10. Spoken and Written Language

o 11. The Sociolinguistics of Communication Media

o 12. Diglossia as a Sociolinguistic Situation

o 13. Code-switching

o 14. Language Contact and Language Generation: Pidgins and Creoles

o 15. Language Contact and Language Degeneration

Part III : Linguistic Dimensions of Scoiety

o 16. Language Contact and Language Displacement

o 17. Language Conflict

o 18. Multilingualism

o 19. Language and Identity

o 20. Language and Ethnicity: The View from Within

o 21. Global Scale Sociolinguistics

o 22. Language and the Mediation of Experience: Linguistic Representation and

Cognitive Orientation

o 23. Linguistic Etiquette

Part IV : Applied Issues

o 24. Sociolinguistics and Education

o 25. Bilingual Education

o 26. Sociolinguistics and the Law

o 27. Language Planning and Language Reform

Bibliography

Introduction

FLORIAN COULMAS

Subject

Linguistics Ç Sociolinguistics

DOI:

10.1111/b.9780631211938.1998.0002.x

During the past four and a half decades, studies of the relations between language and society have

coalesced to form the field of academic research known as sociolinguistics. In 1952 the late Haver C.

Currie published a paper, first drafted in 1949, entitled ÑProjection of sociolinguistics: the relationship

of speech to social statusÒ (reprinted in 1971). It took some time for the term Ñsociolinguistics,Ò for

which Currie claims priority, to take root, but by the early 1960s the first sociolinguistic conferences

were being held and anthologies of articles dealing with properties of language calling for the

inclusion of social factors in their analysis had started to appear. In the meantime, hundreds of

research papers and books on the social organization of language behavior have been published, and

sociolinguistics has become a recognized branch of the social sciences with its own scholarly journals,

conferences, textbooks, and readers of seminal articles. The sociolinguistic enterprise has grown so

much that it is difficult to keep up with developments in its various subfields. Written by leading

researchers in the field, this Handbook offers an introduction to and an overview of the state of the

art in key areas of sociolinguistic inquiry.

The MicroÏMacro Distinction

Macro Distinction

The primary concern of sociolinguistic scholarship is to study correlations between language use and

social structure. Its focus is different from other disciplines that take an interest in language, in

particular from what are sometimes called ÑautonomousÒ or Ñtheoretical linguistics,Ò psycholinguistics,

and neurolinguistics, which are interested respectively in the human mind, the individual's acquisition

and use of language, and the cognitive and biological apparatus of language storage and processing.

Sociolinguistics is concerned with describing language use as a social phenomenon and, where

possible, it attempts to establish causal links between language and society, pursuing the

complementary questions of what language contributes to making community possible and how

communities shape their languages by using them. Since sociolinguistics is a meeting ground for

linguists and social scientists, some of whom seek to understand the social aspects of language while

others are primarily concerned with linguistic aspects of society, it is not surprising that there are as it

were two centers of gravity, known as micro- and macro-sociolinguistics or alternatively

sociolinguistics in the narrow sense and sociology of language. These represent different orientations

and research agendas, micro-issues being more likely to be investigated by linguists, dialectologists,

and others in language-centered fields, whereas macro-issues are more frequently taken up by

sociologists and social psychologists. However, there is general agreement that both perspectives are

indispensable for a full understanding of language as a social phenomenon.

Stated in very general terms, micro-sociolinguistics investigates how social structure influences the

way people talk and how language varieties and patterns of use correlate with social attributes such

as class, sex, and age. Macro-sociolinguistics, on the other hand, studies what societies do with their

languages, that is, attitudes and attachments that account for the functional distribution of speech

forms in society, language shift, maintenance, and replacement, the delimitation and interaction of

The Micro

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