Basic Russian Express.pdf

Basic Russian Expressions Peace Corps/Kazakhstan, November 2005

Basic Russian Expressions for Peace Corps Trainees

in Kazakhstan

List of tracks:

Track 1. Brief Introduction to the Russian Language and list of tracks…………… p. 2

Track 2. Russian Alphabet………………………………………………………… p. 3

Track 3a. How to greet and respond to greeting? ………………………………… p. 4

Track 3b. How to greet and respond to greeting (continued)? …………………….. p. 5

Track 4. How to ask people about themselves? How to say something about yourself?… p. 8

Track 5. How to be polite? ………………………………………………………… p. 10

Track 6. How to agree and disagree? ….……………………………………….. p. 10

Track 7. What do you say to make people pay attention to your language abilities?… p.10

Track 8. How to ask questions?…………………………..………………………… p.11

Track 9. You want to know if this or that thing is available………………………... p.11

Track 10. Can I / May I?..................................................................................…….. p.12

Track 11. How to express your wishes? ……………………………………………

p.12

Track 13. How to react to a knock on the door? ………………………………….

p.13

Track 14. How to count? ………………………………………………………….

p.13

The text accompanies the following fifteen (15) audio tracks:

• 1. KZ_Russian_Lesson_1.mp3

(Time: 3:41) (File Size: 3.38 MB)

• 2. KZ_Russian_Lesson_2.mp3

(Time: 1:48) (File Size: 1.66 MB)

• 3. KZ_Russian_Lesson_3a.mp3

(Time: 3:03) (File Size: 2.79 MB)

• 4. KZ_Russian_Lesson_3b.mp3

(Time: 5:29) (File Size: 5.03 MB)

• 5. KZ_Russian_Lesson_4.mp3

(Time: 4:37) (File Size: 4.23 MB)

• 6. KZ_Russian_Lesson_5.mp3

(Time: 1:07) (File Size: 1.02 MB)

• 7. KZ_Russian_Lesson_6.mp3

(Time: 1:07) (File Size: 1.02 MB)

• 8. KZ_Russian_Lesson_7.mp3

(Time: 1:05) (File Size: 0.99 MB)

• 9. KZ_Russian_Lesson_8.mp3

(Time: 1:31) (File Size: 1.39 MB)

• 10. KZ_Russian_Lesson_9.mp3

(Time: 2:00) (File Size: 1.84 MB)

• 11. KZ_Russian_Lesson_10.mp3

(Time: 0:54) (File Size: 844 KB)

• 12. KZ_Russian_Lesson_11.mp3

(Time: 1:11) (File Size: 1.09 MB)

• 13. KZ_Russian_Lesson_12.mp3

(Time: 0:57) (File Size: 902 KB)

• 14. KZ_Russian_Lesson_13.mp3

(Time: 0:26) (File Size: 413 KB)

• 15. KZ_Russian_Lesson_14.mp3

(Time: 4:34) (File Size: 4.19 MB)

Page 1 of 14

Track 12. How to express likes and food preferences? ……………………………..

p.12

Basic Russian Expressions Peace Corps/Kazakhstan, November 2005

8 Track 1. Brief Introduction to the Russian Language:

Today Russian is still spoken by the overwhelming majority of people in the former Soviet

Union. It will be useful to learn a few phrases of courtesy, for example: to express initial

greetings, to ask about well-being of others, to introduce oneself etc.

The Russian language belongs to the Slavic group of the Indo-European language family and is

considered one of the most important world languages. Russian was the official state language

of the Soviet Union. After the disintegration of the USSR, Russian remains the state language of

Russia and it is still the language of about 200 million people, including 16 million in

Kazakhstan. Although Kazakh is the state language of Kazakhstan, Russian is the predominant

language spoken.

Russian belongs to the inflectional languages (i.e. languages in which words have endings). A

Russian word can have many different forms, and therefore not every word encountered in a

text can be found in dictionaries. Russian words that have endings are entered in the

dictionaries in a definite form. The definite form for nouns is the Nominative case singular, for

adjectives it is the Nominative case singular masculine, and for verbs – the infinitive. Adverbs,

prepositions and conjunctions are invariable.

Characteristic features of the Russian language are:

• Genders of the nouns and adjectives (masculine, feminine or neuter)

• Declension of the nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and numerals

• Conjugation of the verbs

• Aspect of the verbs

• Absenceofarticles

• Shift of stress

The Russian alphabet is comprised of 33 letters.

Stress, in Russian, can fall on any syllable in a word. One word has only one stressed syllable

which is longer than others. Usually, the stress is indicated in dictionaries.

Verbs: there are three tenses: the present, the past, and the future. All verbs also have an

aspect – imperfect and perfect.

Most local people are delighted and flattered by foreigners who attempt to speak their language.

Your efforts will be generously rewarded.

It will be useful to learn a few phrases of courtesy, for example: to express initial greetings, to

ask about well-being of others, to introduce oneself etc.

Page 2 of 14

Basic Russian Expressions Peace Corps/Kazakhstan, November 2005

8 Track 2. Russian Alphabet:

Printed Name of

Letters

Approximate

English

sound equivalent

Examples Trans-

cription

English

meaning

1. Аа

like “a” in “b a r” бар

[bar]

bar

2. Бб

beh

like “b” in “ ba t” босс

[boss}

boss

3. Вв

veh

like “v” in “ v oice” ванúль

[vaNEE vanilla

4. Гг

geh

like “g” in “ gr ant” грант

[grant]

grant

5. Дд

deh

like “d” in “ da y” да

[dah]

yes

6. Ее

yeh

like “ye” in “ yes ” 2

écли

[YESli] if

7. Ёё

like “yo” in “ yol k” 2

ёж

[yosh]

hedgehog

8. Жж

zhe

like “zh” in журн á л

[zhoorN magazine

9. Зз

zeh

like “z” in “ z one” зóна

[ZOHna zone

10 Ии

like “ee” in “m ee t” 1

мир

[meer]

peace

Short ee

(ee kratkoe)

like “y” in “bo y ” мой

[moi]

. Йй

12 Кк

kah

like “k” in “ k arate” к á ша

[KAHsha porridge

13 Лл əl y

like “l” in “ lo ok” лук

[look]

onion

14 Мм

like “m” in “ ma sk” м á ска

[MASka mask

15 Нн

like “n” in “ no t” 1

нос

[nos]

nose

16 Оо

like “o” in “p o rt” 1

порт

[port]

port

17 Пп

peh

like “p” in “ pa rk” парк

[park]

park

Рр ər

like “r” in “ ro ck” рот

[rot]

mouth

19 Сс əs

like “s” in “sport” спорт

[sport] sport

20 Тт

təh

like “t” in “ t ie” там

[tam]

there

Уу

like“oo” in “s oo n” суп

[soop] soup

Фф əf

like “f” in “ f ive” фáнта

[FANta] Fanta

23 Хх

kha

like “h” in “ ho bby”” хóбби

[HOhbi hobby

Цц

tsəh

like “ts” in “ca ts ” центр

[tsentr] center

25 Чч

cheh like “ch” in “ cha ir” час

[chas] hour

26 Шш

shah like “sh” in “ sho rts” шóрты

[SHORt shorts

shch y ah like

“shch”

in “ra sh

cho ice”

[scheeh

]

cabbage

soup

Щщ

щи

hard sign

(tvyordy

znak)

Indicates preceding hardness of

consonant, transcription [:];

mark which separates a hard

consonant from a soft vowel

within a word.

отъéзд

[at:YES

departure

29 ы

i [hard} like "i"

in “till” ты, вы

[tyh,

you

soft sign

(myakhkii

30 ь

Indicates softness of

preceding consonant

мать,

[mat y ], mother,

Page 3 of 14

Basic Russian Expressions Peace Corps/Kazakhstan, November 2005

znak)

(transcription [ y ])

пальтó

[pal y TO

overcoat

31 Ээ ə

like "a" in "and" это

[ ƏHtah] this (is)

32 Юю

like "yu" in "union" ю мор

[YOUHm humor

ya like "ya" in "yard' я

33 Яя

[ya]

8 Track 3a. How to greet and respond to a greeting:

A. Common greetings are the following:

ENGLISH RUSSIAN

Dialogue I.

A: - Hello!

[iti]

- Здрáвствуйте!

B: - Hello!

[itih

- Здрáвствуйте!

A: - How are you (doing)?

[kak dihLAh]

- Как делá?

B: - Very well, thanks.

[spaSEEbah, Ochin y haraSHOH] - Спасúбо¸ óчень хорошó.

Dialogue II.

A: - Hello!

[iti]

- Здрáвствуйте!

B: - Hello!

[iti]

- Здрáвствуйте!

A: - How are you (doing)?

[kak diLAH]

- Как делá?

B: - Fine.

[haraSHOH / prikRASnah]

- Хорошó! /Прекрáсно!

And you?

[A oo VAS]

А у Вас?

A: - Well, thanks.

[spahSEEbah, haraSHOH]

- Спасúбо¸ хорошó.

Dialogue III.

A: - Hello!

[iti]

- Здрáвствуйте!

B: - Hello!

[iti]

- Здрáвствуйте!

A: - How are you (doing)?

[kak diLAH]

- Как делá?

B. – It’s OK. And you?

[narMAL y nah /A oo VAS]

- Нормáльно! А у Вас?

A: - Well, thanks.

[spahSEEbah, haraSHOh]

- Спасúбо¸ хорошó.

Dialogue IV.

A: - Hello!

[iti]

- Здрáвствуйте!

B: - Hello!

[iti]

- Здрáвствуйте!

A: - How are you (doing)?

[kak dihLAH]

- Как делá?

B. - It’s OK, not bad.

[ii]

- Ничегó.

Dialogue V.

A: - Hello!

[iti]

- Здрáвствуйте!

B: - Hello!

[itih

- Здрáвствуйте!

A: - How are you (doing)?

[kak dihLAH]

- Как делá?

B. - So-so.

[tk i y ]

- Тáк себé!

A: - What happened?

[shto slooCHEElas y ]

- Что случúлось?

B: - I am very tired.

[ya OOchin y oosTAhlah]

- Я óчень устáла ( female ).

Page 4 of 14

Basic Russian Expressions Peace Corps/Kazakhstan, November 2005

Dialogue VI.

A: - Hello!

[iti]

- Здрáвствуйте!

B: - Hello!

[iti]

- Здрáвствуйте!

A: - How are you (doing)?

[kak dihLAH]

- Как делá?

B. - So-so.

[tk i y ]

- Тáк себé!

A: - What happened?

[shto slooCHEElas y ]

- Что случúлось?

B: - I am very tired.

[ya OOchin y oosTAL]

- Я óчень устáл ( male ).

Dialogue VII.

A: - Hello!

[iti]

- Здрáвствуйте!

B: - Hello!

[iti]

- Здрáвствуйте!

A: - How are you (doing)?

[kak dihLAH]

- Как делá?

B. - Bad.

[]

- Плóхо!

A: - What happened?

[shto slooCHEElas y ]

- Что случилось?

B: - I feel bad.

[ya PLOhah siB y A CHOOSTvuyu] - Я плóхо себ я чýвствую.

8 Track 3b. How to greet and respond to a greeting:

1. Boys and girls of the same age use only the first name when they talk to each

other. When they greet each other they use [ZDRASTvui].

Dialogue

A: - Hello, Dimitri!

[i iitri]

- Здрáвствуй, Димúтрий!

B: - Hello, Lena!

[i y EHna]

- Здрáвствуй, Лéна!

A: - How are you (doing)?

[kak diLAH]

- Как делá?

B: – It’s OK. And you? [narMAL y nah / a OO tihBYA]

- Нормáльно! А у теб я ?

A: – It’s OK.

[r y nah / a OO tihBYA]

- Нормáльно!

2. When a young person greets a group of boys and girls or an adult s/he uses

the word [ZDRASTvuitih].

3. If you are addressing a person older than you or any adults, then use that

person’s first name and patronymic. Remember that a foreigner addressing a

local person for the first time should use this form, unless greeting a young child.

Locals do not use patronymic when addressing a foreigner, since most foreign

first names would form rather strange-sounding patronymics.

A: - Hello, Dimitri Dimitrievich!

[ZDRASTvooitih diMEETriivich]

- Здрáвствуйте, Димúтрий Димúтриевич!

B: - Hello, Yelena Mikhailovna! [ZDRASTvooitih yeL y Ehna Mikhailovna]

- Здрáвствуйте, Елéна Михáйловна!

Page 5 of 14

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