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State, Space, World
SELECTED ESSAYS
Henri Lefebvre
Edited by Neil Brenner and Stuart Elden
Translated by Gerald Moore, Neil Brenner, and Stuart Elden
University of Minnesota Press
Minneapolis London
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Contents
For publication information on previously published material in this
book, see pages 3 09-11.
Every efort was made to obtain permission to reproduce material in
this book. If any proper acknowledgment has not been included here,
we encourage copyright holders to notiy the publisher.
Copyright 2009 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any fo rm or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Acknowledgments
Vll
Introduction. State, Space, World: Lefebvre and the Survival
of Capitalism N EI L BREN N ER AN D STUART ELDEN
1
Published by the University of Minnesota Press
111 Third Avenue South, Suite 290
Minneapolis, MN 55401-2520
http:// ww .upress.umn.edu
Part I. State, Society, Autogestion
1. The State and Society (1964)
51
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
2. The Withering Away of the State: The Sources of Marxist-Leninist
State Theory (1964)
69
Lefebvre, Henri, 1901-1991.
State, space, world : selected essays / Henri Lefebvre ; edited by
Neil Brenner and Stuart Elden ; translated by Gerald Moore,
Neil Brenner, and Stuart Elden.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8166-53 16-4 (hc : alk. paper) - ISBN 978-0-8166-5 3 17-1
(pb : alk. paper)
1. Social sciences-Philosophy. I. Brenner, Neil. II. Elden,
Stuart, 1971- III. Title.
H61.l5.L43 2009
300.1-dc22
3· The State in the Modern World (1975)
95
4. Comments on a New State Form (1979)
124
5. Theoretical Problems of Autogestion (1966)
138
6. "It Is the World That Has Changed": Interview with Autogestion
et socialisme (1976)
153
Part II. Space, State Spatiality, World
2008044595
7. Relections on the Politics of Space (1970)
167
Printed in the United States of America on acid-ree paper
8. Space: Social Product and Use Value (1979)
185
9. The Worldwide and the Planetary (1973)
196
The University of Minnesota is an equal-opportunity educator and
employer.
10. Space and Mode of Production (1980)
210
16 15 14 1 3 12 11 10 09
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
11. Space and the State (1978)
223
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12. Review of Kostas Axelos's Toward Planetary Thought (1965)
254
Acknowledgments
13. The World according to Kostas Axelos (1986)
259
14. The Worldwide Experience (1978)
274
15. Revolutions (1986)
290
Further Readings
307
Publication History
309
Index
313
We are grateful to Gerald Moore fo r his collaboration on the translations
and to Jason Weidemann fo r his support and patience as our editor. We also
thank Carrie Mullen, fo rmerly of the University ofMinnesota Press, for sup­
porting an earlier version of this project many years ago. This book has its
distant origins in a special section of the Antipode journal, which we orga­
nized in 2001. We are grateul to the journal's editors at that time, Jamie Peck
and Jane Wills, fo r encouraging our initial collaboration and fo r their edi­
torial suggestions and support. Kanishka Goonewardena, Stefan Kipfer, Joe
Painter, and Nathan Sayre participated in the panel discussion «Lefebvre,
Politics, and the State" at the Association of American Geographers meet­
ing in April 2005, which helped to situate and shape this project. The process
of tracking down and negotiating rights with French publishers has some­
times been diicult, andwe are grateul to a number of riends and colleagues
fo r generously helping us in our eforts to navigate this task. These include
Vincent Berdoulay, Maurice Blanc, Sebastian Budgen, Nick Entrikin, Te rry
Freiberg, Remi Hess, Stephen Kalberg, Stefan Kipfer, Stathis Kouvelakis, Eliz­
abeth Lebas, Dave McBride, Tr istan Palmer, Christian Schmid, Ellen Snooks,
and Lukasz Stanek. Reports fr om Stefan Kipfer and Nick Entrikin fo r the
publisher provided a number ofuseul suggestions. Finally, thanks are due to
David Madden fo r his careful work on the index.
N.B. and S.B.
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State, Space, World
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Introduction
State, Space, World
Lefebvre and the Survival of Capitalism
N EI L BREN N ER AN D STUART ELDEN
HENRI LEFEBVRE'S STATE THEORY IN CONTEXTS
Commenting on thelong history of interpretations of Marx, Henri Lefebvre
wrote that "the correct line of thought is to situate the works and the theoreti­
cal or political propositions within the global movement of the transformation
of the modern world."l It seems appropriate to view Lefebvre's own formi­
dable)ntellectual and political legacy-whether in France, in the English­
speaking world, or beyond-in directly analogous terms. Since the early 1970s,
when Anglo-American urbanists and geographers irst began to discuss and
appropriate Lefebvre's approach to urban spatiality, his many post-1968 writ­
ings have inspired considerable debate and any number of critical appropri­
ations in the English language. From those early discussions of Lefebvre's
urban theory through the critical engagements with his approach to socio­
spatial theory during the 1980S, to the more recent appropriations of his work
in the context of debates on the condition of postmodernity, the body and
sexuality, everyday life, the production of scale, urban and antiglobalization
struggles, the transformation of citizenship, and the right to the city, Lefebvre's
writings have served as central reference points within a broad range of the­
oretical and political projects.2 Clearly, this diversity of readings and appro­
priations relects not only the extraordinary richness of Lefebvre's ideas, but
also the changing intellectual, political, and social contexts in which his work
has been read and debated during the last three and a half decades.
Yet, while most of Lefebvre's writings on cities and on sociospatial theory
have now been translated into English and extensively discussed, his equally
innovative works on state theory, the spatiality of modern statehood, and the
process of globalization have received much less attention. This neglect is
surprising on the one hand, for these are writings that explicitly develop,
complement, and critique his work on cities, the urban, and space; yet it is
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