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Façades

Principles of Construction

The following titles in the same series are under preparation:

Components and Connections in Architecture – Principles of Construction

Maarten Meijs, Ulrich Knaack, Tillmann Klein

Building Typologies in Architecture – Principles of Construction

Ulrich Knaack, Marcel Bilow, Tillmann Klein

Materials in Architecture – Principles of Construction

Maarten Meijs, Ulrich Knaack, Marcel Bilow

Prefabricated Systems – Principles of Construction

Ulrich Knaack, Reinhard Hasselbach, Sharon Chung-Klatte

Ulrich Knaack, Tillmann Klein,

Marcel Bilow, Thomas Auer

Façades

Principles of Construction

We would like to thank Delft University of Technology for the inancial support of this publication.

We would also like to thank Ria Stein for her editorial guidance as well as the students Jean-Paul Willemse, Vincent van Sabben,

Thijs Welman and Farhan Alibux for their help in generating the drawings.

Layout and cover design: Oliver Kleinschmidt, Berlin

Translation into English: Ursula Engelmann, Seattle

Subject editors for the English edition: Thomas Schröpfer, Limin Hee, Cambridge, Mass.

Lithography: Licht & Tiefe, Berlin

Printing: Medialis, Berlin

This book is also available in a German edition:

ISBN 978-3-7643-7961-2

Library of Congress Control Number: 2007929794

Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek

Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliograie;

detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at <http://dnb.ddb.de>.

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is

concerned, speciically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broad-

casting, reproduction on microilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. For any kind of use,

permission of the copyright owner must be obtained.

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P.O. Box 133, CH-4010 Basel, Switzerland

Part of Springer Science+Business Media

Printed on acid-free paper produced from chlorine-free pulp. TCF ∞

Printed in Germany

ISBN 978-3-7643-7962-9

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

www.birkhauser.ch

COnTEnTS

7 | 1 Introduction

36 | 3 Principles of Construction

14 | 2 From Wall to Façade

37 | Areas of construction

38 | Façade bearing structures and load transfer

42 | Grid and positioning of the façade

within the building

44 | Systems used in façade construction

45 | Post-and-beam construction

46 | Unit system façade

46 | Designing with systems

14 | Solid wall construction

14 | Warm façade, cold façade

16 | Openings in solid wall construction

18 | Bridging the gap

19 | Single glazing

20 | Box window

21 | Insulated glazing

47 | Openings in façade constructions

47 | Hardware

48 | Windows

22 | Walls with skeletal structure

22 | Half-timbered construction

23 | Platform and balloon framing

50 | Assembly

24 | Resolution of the wall into

loadbearing structure and façade

25 | Post-and-beam façade

26 | Post façade

26 | Beam façade

27 | Curtain wall

28 | System façade

52 | 4 Detailing and Tolerances

54 | Building grid and positioning of components

56 | Combination of functions

57 | Detailing principles

57 | Layering of details

29 | Double façades

30 | Second-skin façade

30 | Box-window façade

31 | Corridor façade

32 | Shaft-box façade

33 | Alternating façade

34 | Integrated façade

58 | Examples of detail development

59 | Masonry cladding

59 | Post-and-beam façade

60 | Unit system façade

61 | Parapet

62 | Plinth unit

63 | Joints

67 | Tolerances

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