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POWER
TOOLS ®
Chris Tyler
Beijing • Cambridge • Farnham • Köln • Paris • Sebastopol • Taipei • Tokyo
X
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X Power Tools ®
by Chris Tyler
Copyright © 2008 O’Reilly Media, Inc. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.
O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions
are also available for most titles ( safari.oreilly.com ). For more information, contact our
corporate/institutional sales department: (800) 998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com .
Editor: Andy Oram
Production Editor: Mary Brady
Copyeditor: Mary Brady
Proofreader: Laurel Ruma
Indexer: Ellen Troutman-Zaig
Cover Designer: Marcia Friedman
Interior Designer: David Futato
Illustrator: Robert Romano
Printing History:
December 2007: First Edition.
Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are registered trademarks of
O’Reilly Media, Inc. XPowerTools , the image of a power sander, and related trade dress are trademarks
of O’Reilly Media, Inc.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as
trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media, Inc. was aware of a
trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps.
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume
no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information
contained herein.
This book uses RepKover, a durable and flexible lay-flat binding.
ISBN-10: 0-596-10195-3
ISBN-13: 978-0-596-10195-4
[M]
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Table of Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ix
Part I
The X Server
1. Introduction to the X Window System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1 The X Window System 3
1.2 The History of X 4
1.3 The Renaissance: New X Versus Old X 4
1.4 X by Any Other Name 6
1.5 Seven Layers of an X-based GUI 6
1.6 Where Is the Server? 9
1.7 Why Windows Look and Act Differently 9
1.8 Toolkits and Desktop Environments 10
1.9 The Role of Freedesktop.org 11
1.10 Display Hardware 11
1.11 Displays, Screens, and Xinerama 19
1.12 Display Specifications 20
1.13 TCP/IP Ports 21
1.14 Local Connection Mechanisms 21
1.15 Server Extensions 22
1.16 Where to Draw the Line: Kernel Versus User-Space Drivers 24
2. Starting a Local X Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.1 One Size Doesn’t Fit All
25
2.2 Virtual Terminals
25
2.3 Starting a Raw X Server Manually
26
iii
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2.4 Using a Display Manager to Start the X Server
27
2.5 Enabling or Disabling the Display Manager at Boot Time
28
2.6 What Started the Display Manager?
30
2.7 Starting Multiple X Servers Using a Display Manager
31
2.8 Starting Additional X Servers on Demand Using
a Display Manager
33
2.9 Starting an X Server with Clients Only When Needed
35
2.10 Switching VTs from the Shell Prompt
36
2.11 Starting X Within X
36
2.12 No Mouse!
37
2.13 Bailing Out: Zapping X
39
2.14 Terminating X Automatically
39
3. Basic X.org Configuration
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.1 What Is There to Configure?
40
3.2 Why Only root Can Configure the X Server
40
3.3 Places Your Configuration Could Hide
41
3.4 Let the X Server Configure Itself
43
3.5 The xorg.conf Configuration File
44
3.6 Optional Sections in the xorg.conf Configuration File
49
3.7 Configuring the Pointer Device
51
3.8 Configuring a Two-Button Mouse
52
3.9 Configuring a Mouse with a Scrollwheel
53
3.10 Configuring a Synaptics TouchPad
53
3.11 Enabling DPMS
54
3.12 Configuring Video Card Driver Options
56
3.13 LightSteelBlue and Other Color Names
58
3.14 Configuring a Monitor’s Scan Rates
59
3.15 Reading Server Log Files
62
3.16 Configuring the Default Depth of a Screen
64
3.17 Configuring the Resolution of a Screen
65
4. Advanced X.org Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
4.1 Multi-Screen Configuration
67
4.2 Xinerama Configuration
68
4.3 Differences Between Multi-Screen and Xinerama Modes
69
4.4 Positioning Screens
71
4.5 Overlapping Xinerama
72
4.6 Scrolling Virtual Screens and Xinerama
74
iv
Table of Contents
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