The Egyptians Builders of the Pyramids (Ancient Civilizations).pdf

ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS

EGYPTIANS

BUILDERS OF THE PYRAMIDS

THE

form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,

recording, or by any information storage and retrieval without permission in

writing from the publisher.

www.rourkepublishing.com

PHOTO CREDITS:

Courtesy Charles Reasoner: pages 13, 24, 27; Courtesy Corel Stock Photos:

Cover, title, pages 21, 30, 43; Courtesy www.egyptiangiftshop.com: pages 36,

37, 38, 39; Courtesy www.eoluk.co.uk: page 11; Courtesy www.fiu.edu: pages

19, 38; Courtesy www.freestockphotos.com: pages 4, 10, 11, 12, 14, 17, 19, 20,

26, 27, 32, 34, 42; Courtesy www.kingtutshop.com: page 29; Courtesy Library of

Congress, Prints and Photographs Division: pages 16, 33; Courtesy NASA: page

7; Courtesy R. Pelisson, www.saharamet.com: page 8; Courtesy Ehab Samy,

www.ehabweb.net: page 8; Courtesy www.touregypt.com: pages 15, 41.

DESIGN AND LAYOUT: ROHM PADILLA

RESEARCH/PAGINATION: SANDY HUGHES

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Reece, Katherine E., 1955-

The Egyptians: builders of the pyramids / Katherine Reece.

p. c.m. -- (Ancient Civilizations)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 1-59515-505-8 (hardcover)

TITLE PAGE IMAGE

A close–up of the face on the Great Sphinx at Giza

T ABLE OF C ONTENTS

INTRODUCTION … 4

Chapter I

WHERE IS EGYPT? … 5

Chapter II

WHO WERE THE EGYPTIANS? … 9

Chapter III

DYNASTIES AND THREE KINGDOMS … 15

Chapter IV

WHAT DID EGYPTIANS EAT? … 22

Chapter V

WHAT DID EGYPTIANS WEAR? … 25

Chapter VI

TRADE AND COMMERCE … 28

Chapter VII

ART AND ARCHITECTURE … 30

Chapter VIII

BELIEFS AND GODS … 35

Chapter IX

THE PEOPLE TODAY … 40

A Timeline of the History of Egypt … 44

Glossary … 46

Books of Interest … 47

Web Sites … 47

Index … 48

INTRODUCTION

Bathing may be routine for you, but do you know when

bathrooms were first added to homes? Women wear

makeup today, but do you know when color was first put on

someone’s face and why? You see tunnels through mountain

highways, but what purpose did early tunnels serve?

Who first thought of

preserving dead bodies

and why?

Answers to these

questions can be found

by studying one of the

earliest and greatest

civilizations, which had

its beginnings along the

Nile River in Egypt. The people of this civilization, which

lasted for almost 3,000 years, created a national government,

developed basic forms of writing using pictures, and invented

paper. Egyptians had one of the first religions to emphasize

life after death and developed the science of preserving

bodies. Reminders of the glory of ancient Egypt still stand

today in the form of pyramids that were built as tombs for

their rulers.

Egyptian kings and pharaohs were buried

in stone coffins and placed in tombs.

CHAPTER I:

WHERE IS EGYPT?

Egypt is a long, narrow, fertile country located in the

northeast corner of Africa. To the north, the country widens

into the area known as the Delta, or Lower Egypt, and

covers almost 4,250 square miles (11,000 sq km). In the

south is Upper Egypt, known as the Valley, which stretches

for 660 miles (1,060 km) in length. Egypt covers 386,662

square miles (1,001,268 sq km) and is slightly more than

three times the size of New Mexico in the United States.

The longest river in the world divides Egypt in half. The

Nile River is more than 4,000 miles (6,437 km) long; 600

(966 km) of those miles

run through Egypt. The

Nile flows north out of

the heart of central

Africa through the

dunes and cliffs of the

Egyptian desert to form

a narrow ribbon of water

between green fields,

before it empties into

the Mediterranean Sea.

Egypt is located in northeastern Africa.

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