LM393.pdf

January 1995

LM193/LM293/LM393/LM2903

Low Power Low Offset Voltage Dual Comparators

General Description

The LM193 series consists of two independent precision

voltage comparators with an offset voltage specification as

low as 2.0 mV max for two comparators which were de-

signed specifically to operate from a single power supply

over a wide range of voltages. Operation from split power

supplies is also possible and the low power supply current

drain is independent of the magnitude of the power supply

voltage. These comparators also have a unique characteris-

tic in that the input common-mode voltage range includes

ground, even though operated from a single power supply

voltage.

Application areas include limit comparators, simple analog

to digital converters; pulse, squarewave and time delay gen-

erators; wide range VCO; MOS clock timers; multivibrators

and high voltage digital logic gates. The LM193 series was

designed to directly interface with TTL and CMOS. When

operated from both plus and minus power supplies, the

LM193 series will directly interface with MOS logic where

their low power drain is a distinct advantage over standard

comparators.

Y Eliminates need for dual supplies

Y Allows sensing near ground

Y Compatible with all forms of logic

Y Power drain suitable for battery operation

Features

Y Wide supply

Voltage range 2.0V to 36V

single or dual supplies g 1.0V to g 18V

Y Very low supply current drain (0.4 mA) Ð independent

of supply voltage

Y Low input biasing current

25 nA

Y Low input offset current

g 5nA

g 3mV

Y Input common-mode voltage range includes ground

Y Differential input voltage range equal to the power sup-

ply voltage

Y Low output saturation voltage, 250 mV at 4 mA

Y Output voltage compatible with TTL, DTL, ECL,

MOS and CMOS logic systems

Advantages

Y High precision comparators

Y Reduced V OS drift over temperature

Schematic and Connection Diagrams

Metal Can Package

Dual-In-Line Package

TL/H/5709±1

Order Number LM193H,

LH193H/883*,

LM193AH, LM193AH/883,

LM293H, LM293AH, LM393H

or LM393AH

See NS Package Number H08C

Order Number LM193J/883*,

LM193AJ/883,

LM393J, LM393AJ,

LM393M, LM2903M, LM393N,

LM2903J or LM2903N

See NS Package Number J08A,

M08A or N08E

*Also available per JM38510/11202

C 1995 National Semiconductor Corporation

TL/H/5709

RRD-B30M115/Printed in U. S. A.

and maximum offset voltage

Absolute Maximum Ratings

If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please

contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/Distributors for

availability and specifications.

(Note 10)

Supply Voltage, V a

Operating Temperature Range

LM393/LM393A

0 § Cto a 70 § C

LM293/LM293A

b 25 § Cto a 85 § C

LM193/LM193A

b 55 § Cto a 125 § C

LM2903

b 40 § Cto a 85 § C

36V

Storage Temperature Range

b 65 § Cto a 150 § C

Differential Input Voltage (Note 8)

36V

Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 seconds)

a 260 § C

Input Voltage

b 0.3V to a 36V

Soldering Information

Dual-In-Line Package

Soldering (10 seconds)

Input Current (V IN kb 0.3V) (Note 3)

50 mA

Power Dissipation (Note 1)

Molded DIP

780 mW

260 § C

Small Outline Package

Vapor Phase (60 seconds) 215 § C

Infrared (15 seconds) 220 § C

See AN-450 ``Surface Mounting Methods and Their Effect on Product

Reliability'' for other methods of soldering surface mount devices.

ESD rating (1.5 k X in series with 100 pF)

Metal Can

660 mW

Small Outline Package

510 mW

Output Short-Circuit to Ground (Note 2)

Continuous

1300V

Electrical Characteristics (V a e 5V, T A e 25 § C, unless otherwise stated)

LM193A

LM293A, LM393A

LM193

LM293, LM393

LM2903

Parameter

Conditions

Units

Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max

Input Offset Voltage (Note 9)

1.0 2.0

1.0 5.0

2.0 7.0 mV

Input Bias Current

I IN ( a )orI IN ( b ) with Output In Linear

25 100

25 250

25 100

25 250

25 250 nA

Range, V CM e 0V (Note 5)

Input Offset Current

I IN ( a ) b I IN ( b )V CM e 0V

3.0 25

5.0 50

3.0 25

5.0 50

Input Common Mode V a e 30V (Note 6)

V a b 1.5 0

V a b 1.5 V

Voltage Range

Supply Current

R L e %

V a e 5V

0.4

0.4 1.0 mA

V a e 36V

2.5

2.5 mA

Voltage Gain

R L t 15 k X ,V a e 15V

50 200

25 100

V/mV

V O e 1V to 11V

Large Signal Response V IN e TTL Logic Swing, V REF e 1.4V

300

Time

V RL e 5V, R L e 5.1 k X

Response Time

V RL e 5V, R L e 5.1 k X (Note 7)

1.3

1.5

m s

Output Sink Current V IN ( b ) e 1V, V IN ( a ) e 0, V O s 1.5V

6.0 16

Saturation Voltage

V IN ( b ) e 1V, V IN ( a ) e 0, I SINK s 4 mA

250 400

250 400 mV

Output Leakage Current V IN ( b ) e 0, V IN ( a ) e 1V, V O e 5V

0.1

Electrical Characteristics (V a e 5V) (Note 4)

Parameter

Conditions

LM193A LM293A, LM393A LM193

LM293, LM393

LM2903

Units

Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max

Input Offset Voltage

(Note 9)

4.0

9 15 mV

Input Offset Current

I IN( a ) b I IN( b ) ,V CM e 0V

100

150

100

150

50 200 nA

Input Bias Current

I IN ( a )orI IN ( b ) with Output in Linear Range,

300

400

300

400

200 500 nA

V CM e 0V (Note 5)

Input Common Mode Voltage Range V a e 30V (Note 6)

V a b 2.0 0

V a b 2.0 V

Saturation Voltage

V IN ( b ) e 1V, V IN ( a ) e 0, I SINK s 4 mA

700

400 700 mV

Output Leakage Current

V IN ( b ) e 0, V IN( a ) e 1V, V O e 30V

1.0

1.0 m A

Differential Input Voltage

Keep All V IN 's t 0V (or V b , if Used),

36 V

(Note 8)

Note 1: For operating at high temperatures, the LM393/LM393A and LM2903 must be derated based on a 125 § C maximum junction temperature and a thermal resistance of 170 § C/W which applies for the device soldered in a printed

circuit board, operating in a still air ambient. The LM193/LM193A/LM293/LM293A must be derated based on a 150 § C maximum junction temperature. The low bias dissipation and the ``ON-OFF'' characteristic of the outputs keeps the

chip dissipation very small (P D s 100 mW), provided the output transistors are allowed to saturate.

Note 2: Short circuits from the output to V a can cause excessive heating and eventual destruction. When considering short circuits to ground, the maximum output current is approximately 20 mA independent of the magnitude of V a .

Note 3: This input current will only exist when the voltage at any of the input leads is driven negative. It is due to the collector-base junction of the input PNP transistors becoming forward biased and thereby acting as input diode

clamps. In addition to this diode action, there is also lateral NPN parasitic transistor action on the IC chip. This transistor action can cause the output voltages of the comparators to go to the V a voltage level (or to ground for a large

overdrive) for the time duration that an input is driven negative. This is not destructive and normal output states will re-establish when the input voltage, which was negative, again returns to a value greater than b 0.3V.

Note 4: These specifications are limited to b 55 § C s T A sa 125 § C, for the LM193/LM193A, With the LM293/LM293A all temperature specifications are limited to b 25 § C s T A sa 85 § C and the LM393/LM393A temperature specifica-

tions are limited to 0 § C s T A sa 70 § C. The LM2903 is limited to b 40 § C s T A sa 85 § C.

Note 5: The direction of the input current is out of the IC due to the PNP input stage. This current is essentially constant, independent of the state of the output so no loading change exists on the reference or input lines.

Note 6: The input common-mode voltage or either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3V. The upper end of the common-mode voltage range is V a b 1.5V at 25 § C, but either or both inputs can go

to 36V without damage, independent of the magnitude of V a .

Note 7: The response time specified is for a 100 mV input step with 5 mV overdrive. For larger overdrive signals 300 ns can be obtained, see typical performance characteristics section.

Note 8: Positive excursions of input voltage may exceed the power supply level. As long as the other voltage remains within the common-mode range, the comparator will provide a proper output state. The low input voltage state must

not be less than b 0.3V (or 0.3V below the magnitude of the negative power supply, if used).

Note 9: At output switch point, V O j 1.4V, R S e 0 X with V a from 5V to 30V; and over the full input common-mode range (0V to V a b 1.5V), at 25 § C.

Note 10: Refer to RETS193AX for LM193AH military specifications and to RETS193X for LM193H military specifications.

Typical Performance Characteristics LM193/LM293/LM393, LM193A/LM293A/LM393A

Supply Current

Output Saturation Voltage

Response Time for Various

Input OverdrivesÐNegative

Transition

Response Time for Various

Input OverdrivesÐPositive

Transition

TL/H/5709±3

Typical Performance Characteristics LM2903

Supply Current

Output Saturation Voltage

Response Time for Various

Input OverdrivesÐNegative

Transition

Response Time for Various

Input OverdrivesÐPositive

Transition

TL/H/5709±4

Input Current

Application Hints

The LM193 series are high gain, wide bandwidth devices

which, like most comparators, can easily oscillate if the out-

put lead is inadvertently allowed to capacitively couple to

the inputs via stray capacitance. This shows up only during

the output voltage transition intervals as the comparator

change states. Power supply bypassing is not required to

solve this problem. Standard PC board layout is helpful as it

reduces stray input-output coupling. Reducing the input re-

sistors to k 10 k X reduces the feedback signal levels and

finally, adding even a small amount (1.0 to 10 mV) of posi-

tive feedback (hysteresis) causes such a rapid transition

that oscillations due to stray feedback are not possible. Sim-

ply socketing the IC and attaching resistors to the pins will

cause input-output oscillations during the small transition in-

tervals unless hysteresis is used. If the input signal is a

pulse waveform, with relatively fast rise and fall times, hys-

teresis is not required.

All pins of any unused comparators should be grounded.

The bias network of the LM193 series establishes a drain

current which is independent of the magnitude of the power

supply voltage over the range of from 2.0 V DC to 30 V DC .

It is usually unnecessary to use a bypass capacitor across

the power supply line.

The differential input voltage may be larger than V a without

damaging the device (see Note 8). Protection should be

provided to prevent the input voltages from going negative

more than b 0.3 V DC (at 25 § C). An input clamp diode can be

used as shown in the applications section.

The output of the LM193 series is the uncommitted collector

of a grounded-emitter NPN output transistor. Many collec-

tors can be tied together to provide an output OR'ing func-

tion. An output pull-up resistor can be connected to any

available power supply voltage within the permitted supply

voltage range and there is no restriction on this voltage due

to the magnitude of the voltage which is applied to the V a

terminal of the LM193 package. The output can also be

used as a simple SPST switch to ground (when a pull-up

resistor is not used). The amount of current which the output

device can sink is limited by the drive available (which is

independent of V a ) and the b of this device. When the

maximum current limit is reached (approximately 16 mA),

the output transistor will come out of saturation and the out-

put voltage will rise very rapidly. The output saturation volt-

age is limited by the approximately 60 X r SAT of the output

transistor. The low offset voltage of the output transistor

(1.0 mV) allows the output to clamp essentially to ground

level for small load currents.

Typical Applications (V a e 5.0 V DC )

Basic Comparator

Driving CMOS

Driving TTL

TL/H/5709±2

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