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SAP Database Guide: Oracle (BC-DB-ORA-DBA)
SAP NetWeaver ’04
Database Administration
SAP
®
Database Guide:
Oracle
Document Version 1.00 – April, 2004
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SAP Database Guide: Oracle (BC-DB-ORA-DBA)
Contents
SAP Database Guide: Oracle (BC-DB-ORA-DBA) ........................16
1 New Features.....................................................................................17
1.1 New Features in SAP Release 6.40 ..................................................... 18
1.2 New Features in SAP Release 6.30 ..................................................... 19
1.3 New Features in SAP Release 6.20 ..................................................... 20
1.4 New Features in SAP Release 6.10 ..................................................... 22
2 Getting Started with Oracle and the SAP System..........................23
2.1 Computing Center Management System ........................................... 24
2.2 Specification of SAP Tables in the ABAP Dictionary........................ 25
2.3 Oracle Database Storage Parameters in the ABAP Dictionary ........ 26
2.4 Support on SAP Service Marketplace ................................................ 28
2.5 GoingLive and Early Watch ................................................................. 29
2.6 Oracle Databases on Raw Devices ..................................................... 33
2.6.1 Raw Devices and BR*Tools........................................................................................ 33
2.6.2 Raw Devices with BRBACKUP and BRRESTORE .................................................... 34
2.7 Limitations of the Oracle Database System....................................... 36
2.8 Database System Configuration ......................................................... 37
2.8.1 Setting Up Archiving ................................................................................................... 38
2.8.2 Mirroring the Control File ............................................................................................ 40
2.8.3 Mirroring the Online Redo Log Files ........................................................................... 41
2.8.4 Organizing Disk Storage ............................................................................................. 41
2.8.5 Database Parameters ................................................................................................. 42
2.8.6 SAP Naming Conventions for Tablespaces and Data Files ....................................... 44
2.8.7 Environment Variables (UNIX).................................................................................... 47
2.8.8 Environment Variables (Windows).............................................................................. 48
2.8.9 Directory Structure (UNIX) .......................................................................................... 50
2.8.10 Directory Structure (Windows).................................................................................. 54
2.8.11 Users and Roles ....................................................................................................... 58
3 Approach to Oracle DBA ..................................................................60
3.1 Instance Management.......................................................................... 61
3.2 Space Management.............................................................................. 65
3.2.1 Managing Tablespaces............................................................................................... 65
3.2.2 Managing Data Files ................................................................................................... 68
3.3 Segment Management ......................................................................... 70
3.3.1 Reorganization............................................................................................................72
3.3.2 Export/Import .............................................................................................................. 75
3.3.3 Reorganization Case Study ........................................................................................ 76
3.3.4 Reorganization with the Redefinition Package ........................................................... 78
3.4 Database Backup ................................................................................. 80
3.4.1 Backup Overview ........................................................................................................ 81
3.4.1.1 Why Back Up the Database? ................................................................................ 82
3.4.1.2 What Needs Backing Up? ..................................................................................... 83
4
April 2004
SAP Database Guide: Oracle (BC-DB-ORA-DBA)
3.4.1.3 Database Backup Types ....................................................................................... 86
Online and Offline Backup .............................................................................................. 87
Consistent Online Backup .............................................................................................. 88
Complete Backup ........................................................................................................... 89
Incremental Backup ........................................................................................................ 90
3.4.1.4 Backup Cycles....................................................................................................... 91
3.4.1.5 Backup Approach with Daily Complete Backups .................................................. 92
3.4.1.6 Backup Approach for Very Large Database with Partial Backups........................ 93
3.4.1.7 Backup Approach with One-Day Retention Period ............................................... 94
3.4.2 Backup Media .............................................................................................................95
3.4.2.1 Volume Management ............................................................................................ 96
Volume Initialization........................................................................................................ 97
Volume Label Check....................................................................................................... 99
Volume Expiration Period .............................................................................................100
Used Volumes ..............................................................................................................102
Scratch Volume ............................................................................................................103
Selecting Volumes Manually ........................................................................................103
Selecting Volumes with External Tools ........................................................................104
Selecting Volumes Automatically .................................................................................105
3.4.3 Hardware Compression ............................................................................................106
3.4.4 Software Compression..............................................................................................107
3.4.5 Backup Methods .......................................................................................................109
3.4.5.1 Backup to Multiple Disks .....................................................................................109
3.4.5.2 Backup to a Remote Disk....................................................................................110
3.4.5.3 Backup to a Remote Tape Device ......................................................................112
3.4.5.4 Two-Phase Backup .............................................................................................113
3.4.5.5 Structure-Retaining Database Copy ...................................................................115
3.4.5.6 Parallel Backup ...................................................................................................117
3.4.5.7 Unattended Backup.............................................................................................118
3.4.5.8 BRBACKUP and BRARCHIVE Backups in One Run .........................................120
3.4.5.9 Backup Verify ......................................................................................................122
3.4.6 Advanced Backup and Recovery..............................................................................124
3.4.6.1 Backup of Large Oracle Databases ....................................................................124
Backup Devices for Large Databases ..........................................................................125
Backup of Large Databases to Tape with BRBACKUP................................................126
External Backup Programs for Large Databases .........................................................127
Parallel Backup of Large Databases to Disk with BRBACKUP....................................127
Optimization of File Distribution ....................................................................................128
Optimization with a Logical Volume Manager ..............................................................129
Partial Backups.............................................................................................................131
Tablespace Backups ....................................................................................................131
Backup Example for a Large Database........................................................................132
Speeding Up the Backup ..............................................................................................133
3.4.6.2 Standby Database...............................................................................................133
Standby Database Configuration..................................................................................135
Standby Database: BRARCHIVE Backup of Offline Redo Log Files ...........................137
Standby Database: BRBACKUP Backup of Database Files ........................................138
Standby Database: Restore and Recovery ..................................................................139
Standby Database: Remote Database Connect Requirements ...................................141
April 2004
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