5 Dental emergency_B student 2012.doc

5/ What Is A Dental Emergency?

What Is A Dental Emergency?
Injuries to the mouth may include teeth that are knocked out (avulsed), forced out of position and loosened (extruded) or fractured. In addition, lips, gums or cheeks are often cut. Oral injuries are often painful and should be treated by a dentist as soon as possible. You  should see a dentist Immediately. Getting to a dentist with 30 minutes can make the difference between saving or losing a tooth.

When a tooth is knocked out:

·  Immediately call your dentist for an emergency appointment.

·  Handle the tooth by the crown, not the root. Touching the root (the part of the tooth below the gum) can damage cells necessary for bone re-attachment.

·  Gently rinse the tooth in water to remove dirt. Do not scrub.

·  Place the clean tooth in your mouth between the cheek and gum to keep it moist. It is important not to let the tooth dry out.

·  If it is not possible to store the tooth in the mouth of the injured person, wrap the tooth in a clean cloth or gauze and immerse in milk.

When a tooth is pushed out of position:

·  Attempt to reposition the tooth to its normal alignment using very light finger pressure, but do not force the tooth.

·  Bite down to keep the tooth from moving.

·  The dentist may splint the tooth in place to the two healthy teeth next to the loose tooth.

When a tooth is fractured:

·  Rinse mouth with warm water.

·  Use an ice pack or cold compress to reduce swelling.

·  Use ibuprofen, not aspirin, for pain.

·  Immediately get to your dentist, who will determine treatment based on how badly the tooth is broken. Only a dentist can tell how bad the break is.

·  Minor fracture: Minor fractures can be smoothed by your dentist with a sandpaper disc or simply left alone. Another option is to restore the tooth with a composite restoration. In either case, treat the tooth with care for several days.

·  Moderate fracture: Moderate fractures include damage to the enamel, dentin and/or pulp. If the pulp is not permanently damaged, the tooth may be restored with a full permanent crown. If pupal damage does occur, further dental treatment will be required.

·  Severe fracture: Severe fractures often mean a traumatized tooth with slim chance of recovery.

When tissue is injured:
Injuries to the inside of the mouth include tears, puncture wounds and lacerations to the cheek, lips or tongue. The wound should be cleaned right away with warm water, and the injured person taken to a hospital emergency room for the necessary care. Bleeding from a tongue laceration can be reduced by pulling the tongue forward and using gauze to place pressure on the wound.

What can I do to be prepared?
Pack an emergency dental care kit, including: Dentist's phone numbers (home and office), Saline solution, Handkerchief, Gauze, Small container with lid, Ibuprofen (Not aspirin. Aspirin is an anti-coagulant, which may cause excessive bleeding in a dental emergency.)

Types of emergencies :

group them into plausible place of occurrence : industrial work-place, medical workplace, backyard, home school

Activity  1. Translate into English:

1/ Już wezwałem karetkę.

2/ Sanitariusze położą pana zaraz na noszach.

3/ Proszę pokazać palcem gdzie boli najbardziej? 

4/ Jak jeszcze mogę pomóc. Czy zawiadomić rodzinę. 

5/ Proszę pozostać na miejscu wypadku karetka będzie za 10 minut.

6/ Czy jest pan uczulony na jakieś leki?

7/ czy obecnie przyjmuje pani leki na krążenie lub ciśnienie?

General First-Aid Principles

In all first-aid situations, the rescuer must remain calm. If you panic, you will lose control of the victim, as well as of yourself. To establish authority, speak and act calmly and purposefully. Allow the victim to discuss the incident, his situation, and his fears. Save criticism for after the event, and try not to be judgmental.
Do not endanger additional inexperienced rescuers. If you cannot get to the victim easily, send for help. Approach all victims safely; don't allow the sense of urgency to transform a sensible rescue into a series of risky, or even foolhardy, manoeuvres. If it appears that the victim is too ill to be moved, leave the person intact. In all cases, protect the victim from further injuries and trauma.

Always assume the worst. Assume that each victim you encounter has major problem until proven otherwise. Always be conservative in your treatments and recommendations for further evaluation or rescue. Never move a seriously injured victim unless he is in danger from fatal factors. Don't encourage a victim to get up and “shake it off”.
Never administer medicines or perform procedures if you are not sure what you are doing. A good rule to follow is primum non nocere: "First of all, do no harm." If you are not certain what to do and the situation isn't worsening, don't interfere. Explain to the victim that you are not a physician, but will do your best to get him through whatever crisis he has encountered, to the best of your knowledge and ability. Comfort the sufferer.

Ex 2 Put the verbs in brackets into correct forms and if possible change the sentences into P.V.

1.                                 They always (bring) the injured persons by an ambulance?

2.                                 Their house (renovate) this summer finally.

3.                                 Look. The police (question) the onlookers at the scene of the accident.

4.                                 The owner of the flat (not pay) me last month.

5.                                 While she (signing) employment contract  she (notice) his proposal (withdraw).

6.                                 When my vehicle  (repair) after the car crash  it (never be) as trustworthy  as previously.

7.                                 she (send/always) the reply immediately?

8.                                 I can’t understand why (she /not invte/recently).

9.                                 Where (grammar mistakes occur) most often?

10.                             What (they) steal then? Just my bicycle.

Ex 4. Write 10 phrases/ pieces of advice/words of comfort in case of emergency.

Ex 5 What is there in a laboratory first-aid kit?

Ex 6. Fill in the gaps using given vocab.

Shock, credited, occurrence, victims, golden hour, definitive, replace, managed, decompensate, bare, critically, clarified,  military, irreparable, derived

In emergency medicine the …………………………is the first sixty minutes after the … …………….of multi-system trauma. It is widely believed that the victim's chances of survival are greatest if he receives…………………….. care in the operating room within the first hour.

In cases of severe injuries, especially internal bleeding, nothing can………….……… surgery. Complications such as ………………………may occur if the patient is not ………………….appropriately and expeditiously. It is therefore necessary to transport …………………….as fast as possible to specialists who are most often found at a hospital trauma center. Because some injuries can cause a trauma victim to …………………..extremely rapidly, the lag time between injury and treatment should ideally be kept to a ……………… minimum; over time, this lag time was further …………………………to a now-standard time frame of no more than 60 minutes, after which time the survival rate for traumatic patients is alleged to fall off dramatically.

The late Dr. R Adams Cowley is …………………with promoting this concept first as a ……………….surgeon and later as head of the University of Maryland Shock Trauma Center.

The concept of the "Golden Hour" may have been ………………….from French military World War I data.

The Shock Trauma Center section of the University of Maryland Medical Center's website quotes Dr. R. Adams Cowley as saying, "There is a golden hour between life and death. If you are ……………..injured you have less than 60 minutes to survive. You might not die right then; it may be three days or two weeks later -- but something has happened in your body that is……………………….”