Osprey Raid 13 - The Bruneval Raid.pdf

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RAID
THE BRUNEVAL
RAID
Operation Biting 1942
K E N F O R D
© Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com
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THE BRUNEVAL RAID
Operation Bi t ing 1942
KEN FORD
© Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com
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First published in Great Britain in 2010 by Osprey Publishing,
Midland House, West Way, Botley, Oxford, OX2 0PH, UK
44–02 23rd St, Suite 219, Long Island City, NY 11101, USA
E-mail: info@ospreypublishing.com
© 2010 Osprey Publishing Ltd.
All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private
study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act, 1988, no part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission
of the copyright owner. Enquiries should be addressed to the Publishers.
Print ISBN: 978 1 84603 849 5
PDF e-book ISBN: 978 1 84908 297 6
Page layout by: Bounford.com, Cambridge, UK
Index by Sandra Shotter
Typeset in Sabon
Maps by Bounford.com, Cambridge, UK
Originated by PPS Grasmere Ltd
Printed in China through Worldprint
10 11 12 13 14 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
THE WOODLAND TRUST
Osprey Publishing are supporting the Woodland Trust, the UK's leading
woodland conservation charity, by funding the dedication of trees.
IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM COLLECTIONS
Many of the photos in this book come from the Imperial War Museum’s
huge collections which cover all aspects of conflict involving Britain and
the Commonwealth since the start of the twentieth century. These rich
resources are available online to search, browse and buy at
www.iwmcollections.org.uk. In addition to Collections Online, you can
visit the Visitor Rooms where you can explore over 8 million photographs,
thousands of hours of moving images, the largest sound archive of its
kind in the world, thousands of diaries and letters written by people in
wartime, and a huge reference library. To make an appointment, call
(020) 7416 5320, or e-mail mail@iwm.org.uk.
Imperial War Museum www.iwm.org.uk
EDITOR’S NOTE
For ease of comparison between types, Imperial/American
measurements are used almost exclusively throughout this book.
The following data will help in converting the Imperial/American
measurements to metric:
1 mile = 1.6km
1lb = 0.45kg
1yd = 0.9m
1ft = 0.3m
1in = 2.54cm/25.4mm
1gal = 4.5 liters
1 ton (US) = 0.9 tonnes
©OspreyPublishing.Accesstothisbookisnotdigitallyrestricted.Inreturn,
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usingthispdfresponsibly.
© Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
4
ORIGINS
8
INITIAL STRATEGY
14
PLANNING AND TRAINING
23
THE RAID
35
The Flight
39
The Attack
45
The ithdrawal
64
ANALYSIS
71
CONCLUSION
77
SOURCES AND FURTHER READING
79
INDEX
80
© Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com
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INTRODUCTION
Prior to World War II, both Britain and Germany had independently
discovered that radio waves could be used to detect aircraft. Thus began the
race to develop and deploy radar before the other side could put the process
to effective use. For the first year or so of the conflict, each side thought that
it was leading the race.
Britain was confident that it was well ahead in the radar war and in a
sense it was. Although German radar was of a high quality and as
advanced as British equipment, its application and administration was not
as effective. The Nazi military still regarded their role as being offensive
rather than defensive and tried to employ the new technology to that end.
Britain, in contrast, was more inclined to use the new equipment to protect
itself from the horrors of aerial bombardment and had effectively
integrated radar into its inter-service defence network. It had set up systems
to exploit the information gained from radar. In this respect it was well
ahead of Germany.
Britain had begun its research into what was eventually to become known
as radar in 1935. At the time its scientists were studying the possibility of
destroying enemy aircraft by means of ‘death rays’. Such an idea might seem
fanciful now, but in the 1930s the advances made in science appeared to
show that anything was possible. A common fear was that enemy bombers
could suddenly appear overhead to wreak havoc on civilian populations and
every method that could lead to their detection and destruction was given
serious thought.
A leading member of the committee at that time looking into air defence
was a scientist from the Radio Research Station, Robert Watson-Watt. He
concluded that whilst it was impossible to destroy enemy aircraft through
radio waves, it should be possible to detect them by bouncing radio energy
back from the aircraft’s metal body. He was led to this conclusion by
investigations made by one of his colleagues, Arnold Wilkins, who was
intrigued by observations made by Post Office radio engineers that aircraft
flying though a high-frequency radio beam caused the beam to become
distorted. An experiment was set up to prove this point to RAF observers in
4
© Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com
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