Bazyli Białokozowicz, U źródeł cyrylickiego piśmiennictwa południowosłowiańskiego oraz jego percepcji na gruncie wschodniosłowiańskim i polskim - notatki.doc

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Bazyli Białokozowicz, U źródeł cyrylickiego piśmiennictwa południowosłowiańskiego oraz jego percepcji na wschodniosłowiańskim

Bazyli Białokozowicz, U źródeł cyrylickiego piśmiennictwa południowosłowiańskiego oraz jego percepcji na wschodniosłowiańskim
i polskim, „Acta Polono-Ruthenica” XI, 2006, s. 7-28.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

(notatki)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

Macedonia                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

V-VII w. – zasiedlenie przez plemiona słowiańskie                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

·         bezpośrednia styczność Słowian z Bizancjum, ich stopniowa infiltracja na terytorium cesarstwa bizantyjskiego                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

·         Ochryda – ważne miasto                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

o       Wykształcono ponad 3500 uczniów i kapłanów słowiańskich                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

·         przełomowe wydarzenie – chrystianizacja Słowian (pd., wsch. i zach.)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

o       misyjna działalność Cyryla i Metodego                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

§         stworzenie alfabetu słowiańskiego

·         Konstantyn (Cyryl) – stworzył słowiański alfabet – głagolicę (głagoł ‘litera’) – o którym znawcy mówią,
że to wyraz erudycji i geniuszu

o       38 znaków

§         każdy dźwięk – oddzielny znak graficzny

o       alfabet oryginalny, jednolicie stylizowany, oryginalny

·         Kliment Ochrydzki – udoskonalenie alfabetu (uproszczenie) – nazwa cyrylica (na cześć Cyryla)[1]

o       wzorowany na znakach unicjalnych pisma greckiego

§         przekład Pisma Świętego oraz ważnych dzieł liturgicznych
na język staro-cerkiewno-słowiański

·         liturgie bizantyjskie

·         homilie

·         utwory parenetyczne

·         utwory hagiograficzne

·         traktaty gramatyczne, retoryczne, polemiczne

§         przyswojenie językowi słowiańskiemu terminologii i systemu gatunkowego literatury bizantyjskiej

Obecnie – ludność: 2 300 000, język urzędowy macedoński, cyrylica

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

Język staro-cerkiewno-słowiański

Scs. – pomocny w nauce języków słowiańskich[2]. Zachował w sobie najwięcej elementów analogicznych czy nawet zbieżnych, tożsamych lub pokrewnych
w stosunku do każdego innego języka słowiańskiego

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

Język dawnych Słowian w pisemnej formie z biegiem czasu rozprzestrzenił się
na Półwyspie Bałkańskim, w państwie wielkomorawskim i w Czechach
oraz w Rumunii i Mołdawii, a także na terytorium ówczesnych Węgier i Austrii,
a po przyjęciu chrześcijaństwa wśród Słowian wschodnich. Ze względu na daleko idące pokrewieństwo ówczesnych języków i gwar słowiańskich do tekstów staro- cerkiewno-słowiańskich, zwłaszcza przy ich kopiowaniu, niejako bezwiednie zaczęły przenikać w większym lub mniejszym zakresie poszczególne cechy miejscowe.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

Najstarsze teksty głagolickie są znane z kopiowanych opisów z X wieku – Mszał Kijowski, Kodeks Mariański, Kodeks Zografski

Zabytki cyrylickie najwyższej klasy – Księga Sawy, Kodeks Supraski

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

Do końca XII wieku scs. w krajach słowiańskich (a nawet w ościennych – Rumunia, Wołoszczyzna, Mołdawia) odgrywał rolę języka literackiego i potocznego warstw wykształconych.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

Scs. na ziemiach polskich

Frank Kmietowicz – orędownik i rzecznik nurtu cyrylo-metodiańskiego

Metropolia słowiańska miała do czynienia ze stosunkowo jednolitą masą etniczną

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

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