The Personal Endings (PEs) -- How to use'm, not abuse'm...
In the Minority?
We may be in an inconsequential minority here, but we've muddled up our personal endings... (Not those personal endings! We mean the ones attached as suffixes to Turkish verb stems, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs...) ...more than once, so we've decided to discuss the two varieties that have given us the most trouble, together on a single page -- the better for us to observe and compare them during (recurrent) lapses of memory.
That's right, we too use these pages for reference. And with our private Web Page Search Engine, we can find just the right information, pretty fast -- and easily. Now, if we could only convince our Internet Service Providers to supply an Online Search Engine for you gentle readers... Well, wouldn' tha' be nice... Until that happens, try finding what you need on theLPT Site Contents and Index page
But we're not as mad as we may first appear -- because in many ways the personal endings for the verb stems, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs are very similar.
Have a look for yourself, in the following paragraphs.
Personal Endings (PEs) -- Definitions
1. The Personal Verbal Endings/suffixes: are those PEs that you attach to verb stems, nouns, and adjectives -- to form verb-related constructions.
[For Example: When you attach the Personal Verbal Ending, '-ler', to the Wide-tense (Aorist) verb stem of görmek (which is görür), you get görürler; they see]. For more info, see the Side-by-side Comparison Chart
.
2. The Personal Possessive Endings/suffixes:are those PEs that you generally attach to nouns and pronouns and that are meant to show possession -- and that usually have nothing to do with verb-related constructions.
[For Example: When you attach the Personal Possessive Ending '-leri' to 'anne', you get anneleri; their mother] For more info, see the Side-by-side Comparison Chart. or
If you're really determined to see these endings used for verb-related constructions, then go ahead and click here. Or jump below to see all the oddball uses of the PPE. But, remember how we tried to keep it nice n' easy for ya'...
Side by Side Comparison of the Personal Verbal and the Personal Possessive Endings/suffixes
Special Note !!! All endings in the following chart are subject to the Rule of Vowel Harmony...
Personal Verbal Endings (PVE)
Personal Possessive Endings (PPE)
Type I [attach to nouns, adjectives, and verb stems (except the definite past tense, -di stem)]
Type II [only attach after the definite past tense, -di stem]
After Consonants
After Vowels
-(y)im
· ögretmenim I am a teacher
· gidiyorum They say I go
-m
· ögretmendim I was a teacher
· gitmistim I had gone
-im
· kitabIm my book
· örümcegim my spider
· kapIm my door
· sapkam my hat
-sin
· gidiyorsun you are going
· delisin you're crazy
-n
· gidiyordun you were going
· delidin you were crazy
-in
· kalemin your pen
· fIncanIn your coffee cup
· kedin your cat
· araban your car
(-dir) [doesn't have to be present always ...]
· avukattIr she's a lawyer
· uçacak...
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