Peachpit Press Visual QuickStart Guide PHP for the Web 3rd (2009).pdf

VISUAL QUICKStArt GUIDE

php

for THE WEb

third Edition

Larry Ullman

Peachpit Press

Visual QuickStart Guide

PHP for the Web, third Edition

Larry Ullman

Peachpit Press

1249 Eighth Street

Berkeley, CA 94710

510/524-2178

510/524-2221 ( fax)

Find us on the Web at www.peachpit.com.

To report errors, please send a note to errata@peachpit.com.

Peachpit Press is a division of Pearson Education.

Editor: Rebecca Gulick

Copy Editor: Bob Campbell

Production Coordinator: Myrna Vladic

Compositor: Debbie Roberti

Indexer: Julie Bess

Cover design: Peachpit Press

Notice of rights

mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For

information on getting permission for reprints and excerpts, contact permissions@peachpit.com.

Notice of Liability

he information in this book is distributed on an “As Is” basis, without warranty. While every precaution has

been taken in the preparation of the book, neither the author nor Peachpit Press shall have any liability to any

person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the

instructions contained in this book or by the computer software and hardware products described in it.

trademarks

Visual QuickStart Guide is a registered trademark of Peachpit Press, a division of Pearson Education. Macintosh

and Mac OS X are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Microsoft and Windows are registered

trademarks of Microsoft Corp. Other product names used in this book may be trademarks of their own

respective owners. Images of Web sites in this book are copyrighted by the original holders and are used with

their kind permission. his book is not oicially endorsed by nor ailiated with any of the above companies.

Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as

trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and Peachpit was aware of a trademark claim,

the designations appear as requested by the owner of the trademark. All other product names and services

identiied throughout this book are used in editorial fashion only and for the beneit of such companies with

no intention of infringement of the trademark. No such use, or the use of any trade name, is intended to

convey endorsement or other ailiation with this book.

ISBN 13: 978-0-321-44249-9

ISBN 10: 0-321-44249-0

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Printed and bound in the United States of America

Special thanks

Many, many thanks to everyone at Peachpit

Press for their assistance and hard work,

especially:

he best darn editor in the world, Rebecca

Gulick. hanks for, well, just about every-

thing. As always, it’s my pleasure to be able

to work with you.

Bob Campbell, for his attention to detail.

Deb Roberti and Myrna Vladic, who take a

bunch of disparate stuf and turn it into a

book. Julie Bess for her excellent indexing.

Everyone at Peachpit for doing what’s

required to create, publish, distribute,

market, sell, and support these books.

My sincerest thanks to the readers of the

other editions of this book and my other

books. hanks for your feedback and

support and for keeping me in business.

Finally, thanks to: Rasmus Lerdorf (who got

the PHP ball rolling); the people at PHP.net

and Zend.com; those who frequent the vari-

ous newsgroups and mailing lists; and the

greater PHP and open source communities

for developing, improving upon, and support-

ing such wonderfully useful technology.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction ix

Chapter 1: Getting Started with PHP 1

Basic XHTML Syntax ............................2

Basic PHP Syntax ................................7

Testing Your Script..............................10

Sending Text to the Browser ....................16

Sending HTML to the Browser ..................20

Using White Space ..............................22

Adding Comments to Scripts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Basic Debugging Steps ..........................28

Chapter 2: Variables 31

What Are Variables? ............................32

Variable Syntax .................................36

Types of Variables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Assigning Values to Variables ...................41

Understanding Quotation Marks ................44

Chapter 3: HtML Forms and PHP 47

Creating a Simple Form .........................48

Using GET or POST .............................52

Receiving Form Data in PHP ....................54

Displaying Errors ...............................59

Error Reporting .................................62

Manually Sending Data to a Page ................65

Chapter 4: Using Numbers 71

Creating the Form ..............................72

Performing Arithmetic ..........................75

Formatting Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Understanding Precedence .....................82

Incrementing and Decrementing a Number .....84

Creating Random Numbers .....................86

Table of Contents

Chapter 5: Using Strings 89

Creating the HTML Form .......................90

Connecting Strings (Concatenation) ............93

Handling Newlines..............................97

HTML and PHP.................................99

Encoding and Decoding Strings ................103

Finding Substrings .............................108

Replacing Parts of a String .....................112

Chapter 6: Control Structures 115

Creating the HTML Form ......................116

he if Conditional..............................121

Validation Functions ...........................124

Using else......................................127

More Operators ................................130

Using elseif ....................................138

he Switch Conditional ........................142

he for Loop ...................................146

Chapter 7: Using Arrays 151

What Is an Array?..............................152

Creating an Array ..............................154

Adding Items to an Array ......................158

Accessing Array Elements......................161

Creating Multidimensional Arrays..............165

Sorting Arrays .................................170

Transforming Between Strings and Arrays ......174

Creating an Array from a Form .................179

Chapter 8: Creating Web Applications 185

Creating Templates ............................186

Using External Files............................194

Using Constants ...............................200

Working with the Date and Time ...............205

Handling HTML Forms with PHP, Revisited ....208

Making Forms Sticky...........................214

Sending Email .................................222

Output Bufering...............................227

Manipulating HTTP Headers...................231

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