A Brief History of the United States (thru 1880s).pdf

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A Brief History of the United States
A Brief History of the United States
Barnes and Co.
A Brief History of the United States
Table of Contents
A Brief History of the United States. .................................................................................................................1
Barnes and Co.. ........................................................................................................................................1
PREFACE.. ..............................................................................................................................................4
INTRODUCTION.. .................................................................................................................................6
EPOCH 1. EARLY DISCOVERIES AND SETTLEMENTS.. ........................................................................10
SPANISH EXPLORATIONS. ..............................................................................................................13
EXPLORATIONS ON THE PACIFIC.. ...............................................................................................15
EXTENT OF THE SPANISH POSSESSIONS.. ..................................................................................15
FRENCH EXPLORATIONS. ...............................................................................................................15
ENGLISH EXPLORATIONS.. .............................................................................................................18
DUTCH EXPLORATIONS.. ................................................................................................................21
EXTENT OF THESE EXPLORATIONS.. ...........................................................................................21
REFERENCES FOR READING. .........................................................................................................23
EPOCH II. DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH COLONIES. ....................................................................23
VIRGINIA.. ..........................................................................................................................................24
MASSACHUSETTS. ...........................................................................................................................27
PLYMOUTH COLONY. .....................................................................................................................27
MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY.. ...............................................................................................29
MAINE AND NEW HAMPSHIRE. ....................................................................................................31
CONNECTICUT.. ................................................................................................................................31
RHODE ISLAND.. ...............................................................................................................................33
NEW YORK.. .......................................................................................................................................33
EPOCH III.. ...........................................................................................................................................34
THE FOUR DUTCH GOVERNORS. ..................................................................................................34
NEW JERSEY.. ....................................................................................................................................35
PENNSYLVANIA AND DELAWARE.. ............................................................................................35
MARYLAND.. .....................................................................................................................................37
CIVIL WARS.. .....................................................................................................................................37
THE CAROLINAS.. .............................................................................................................................38
GEORGIA.. ..........................................................................................................................................39
INTER−COLONIAL WARS.. .............................................................................................................39
I. KING WILLIAM'S WAR. (1689−1697.). ........................................................................................40
II. QUEEN ANNE'S WAR. (1702−1713.). ..........................................................................................40
III. KING GEORGE'S WAR.. ..............................................................................................................41
(1744−1748.. ........................................................................................................................................41
IV. FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. (1754−1763). ............................................................................42
THE FIVE OBJECTIVE POINTS OF THE WAR.. ...........................................................................43
1. FORT DU QUESNE. ........................................................................................................................43
2. ACADIA AND LOUISBURG.. ........................................................................................................44
3. CROWN POINT AND TICONDEROGA.. ......................................................................................44
4. NIAGARA.. .......................................................................................................................................45
CLOSE OF THE WAR. .......................................................................................................................46
CONDITION OF THE COLONIES.. ..................................................................................................47
REFERENCES FOR READING. ........................................................................................................52
EPOCH III. THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.. .................................................................................................53
CAUSES OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.. .............................................................................53
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A Brief History of the United States
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[Footnote: Questions on The Geography of The Third Epoch.. ...........................................................53
1775.. ....................................................................................................................................................56
1776.. ....................................................................................................................................................59
1777.. ....................................................................................................................................................62
1778.. ....................................................................................................................................................66
1779.. ....................................................................................................................................................68
1780.. ....................................................................................................................................................69
1781.. ....................................................................................................................................................72
REFERENCES FOR READING. ........................................................................................................77
EPOCH IV. DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATES.. ..........................................................................................78
ADAMS'S ADMINISTRATION. ........................................................................................................81
(SECOND PRESIDENT: 1797−1801). ................................................................................................81
JEFFERSON'S ADMINISTRATION.. ................................................................................................82
MADISON'S ADMINISTRATION.. ...................................................................................................84
(FOURTH PRESIDENT—TWO TERMS: 1809−1817.) ...................................................................84
SECOND WAR WITH GREAT BRITAIN, 1812−14.. ......................................................................84
1813.. ....................................................................................................................................................85
1814.. ....................................................................................................................................................88
MONROE'S ADMINISTRATION. .....................................................................................................90
(FIFTH PRESIDENT—TWO TERMS: 1817−1825.). .......................................................................90
J. Q. ADAMS'S ADMINISTRATION.. ...............................................................................................91
(SIXTH PRESIDENT: 1825−1829). ....................................................................................................91
JACKSON'S ADMINISTRATION.. ....................................................................................................92
(SEVENTH PRESIDENT—TWO TERMS: 1829−1837.). ................................................................92
VAN BUREN'S ADMINISTRATION. ................................................................................................94
(EIGHTH PRESIDENT: 1837−1841.). ................................................................................................94
HARRISON AND TYLER'S ADMINISTRATION.. .........................................................................95
(NINTH AND TENTH PRESIDENTS: 1841−1845.) ........................................................................96
JAMES K. POLK'S ADMINISTRATION.. .........................................................................................98
(ELEVENTH PRESIDENT: 1845−1849.). ..........................................................................................98
WAR WITH MEXICO. 1846−7. .........................................................................................................98
I. GENERAL TAYLOR'S ARMY.. .....................................................................................................98
INVASION OF MEXICO.. ..................................................................................................................98
II. GENERAL KEARNEY'S ARMY.. .................................................................................................99
III. GENERAL SCOTT'S ARMY.. ......................................................................................................99
TAYLOR AND FILLMORE'S ADMINISTRATION.. ....................................................................101
(TWELFTH AND THIRTEENTH PRESIDENTS: 1849−1853) .....................................................101
PIERCE'S ADMINISTRATION.. ......................................................................................................102
(FOURTEENTH PRESIDENT: 1853−1857.). ...................................................................................102
BUCHANAN'S ADMINISTRATION.. .............................................................................................103
(FIFTEENTH PRESIDENT: 1857−1861... .......................................................................................104
STATES ADMITTED DURING THE FOURTH EPOCH.. ............................................................106
REFERENCES FOR READING. ......................................................................................................112
EPOCH V. THE CIVIL WAR. ........................................................................................................................113
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LINCOLN'S ADMINISTRATION.. ..................................................................................................113
(SIXTEENTH PRESIDENT: 1861−1865). ........................................................................................113
THE WAR IN VIRGINIA.. ................................................................................................................115
ARLINGTON HEIGHTS AND ALEXANDRIA. .............................................................................115
THE WAR IN MISSOURI.. ...............................................................................................................116
1862.. ..................................................................................................................................................118
THE WAR IN THE WEST.. ..............................................................................................................118
THE WAR ON THE SEA AND THE COAST. ................................................................................122
BURNSIDE'S EXPEDITION AGAINST ROANOKE ISLAND. ....................................................122
THE WAR IN THE EAST.. ...............................................................................................................124
THE SIOUX WAR.. ...........................................................................................................................128
1863.. ...................................................................................................................................................129
THE WAR IN THE WEST.. ..............................................................................................................129
THE WAR IN TENNESSEE AND GEORGIA.. ...............................................................................130
BATTLE OF CHATTANOOGA. ......................................................................................................131
THE WAR IN EAST TENNESSEE. .................................................................................................132
THE WAR IN THE EAST.. ...............................................................................................................132
THE WAR ON THE SEA AND THE COAST. ................................................................................134
1864.. ..................................................................................................................................................135
THE WAR IN TENNESSEE AND GEORGIA.. ...............................................................................135
THE WAR IN VIRGINIA.. ................................................................................................................137
RED RIVER EXPEDITION. .............................................................................................................140
THE WAR ON THE SEA AND ON THE COAST.. ........................................................................141
GENERAL REVIEW OF THE FOURTH YEAR OF THE WAR.—. .............................................142
1865.. ..................................................................................................................................................143
REFERENCES FOR READING. ......................................................................................................148
EPOCH VI. RECONSTRUCTION AND PASSING EVENTS.. ...................................................................149
JOHNSON'S ADMINISTRATION. ..................................................................................................149
(SEVENTEENTH PRESIDENT: 1865−1869.) .................................................................................149
GRANT'S ADMINISTRATION.. ......................................................................................................152
(EIGHTEENTH PRESIDENT—TWO TERMS: 1869−1877.). .......................................................152
HAYES'S ADMINISTRATION. .......................................................................................................157
QUESTIONS FOR CLASS USE. ...................................................................................................................158
INTRODUCTION.. ............................................................................................................................158
FIRST EPOCH. ..................................................................................................................................158
SECOND EPOCH. .............................................................................................................................160
THIRD EPOCH.. ................................................................................................................................164
FOURTH EPOCH. .............................................................................................................................166
FIFTH EPOCH.. .................................................................................................................................169
SIXTH EPOCH. .................................................................................................................................172
HISTORICAL RECREATIONS.. ......................................................................................................173
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. ......................................................................................................182
A DECLARATION BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED.
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CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. .............................................................................................186
ARTICLE I.—Legislative Department. .............................................................................................187
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SECTION III.. ....................................................................................................................................188
SECTION IV. .....................................................................................................................................189
ARTICLE II.—Executive Department.. .............................................................................................193
ARTICLE III.—JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT. ..................................................................................195
SECTION III.. ....................................................................................................................................196
ARTICLE IV.—General Provisions.. .................................................................................................196
ARTICLE V.—Power of Amendment.. .............................................................................................197
ARTICLE VI.−Miscellaneous Provisions.. .......................................................................................197
ARTICLE VII.—Ratification of the Constitution.. ...........................................................................198
PENNSYLVANIA. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, THOMAS MIFFLIN, ROBERT MORRIS, GEORGE CLYMER, THOMAS FITZSIMONS, JARED INGERSOLL, JAMES WILSON. GOUVERNEUR MORRIS.
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AMENDMENTS .............................................................................................................................................200
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