O'Reilly - Practical C++ Programming.pdf

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Programming
Practical C++ Programming
Steve Oualline
O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
Beijing · Cambridge · Köln · Paris · Sebastopol · Taipei · Tokyo
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Practical C++ Programming
by Steve Oualline
Copyright © 1995 O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Editors: Adrian Nye and Dale Dougherty
Production Editor: Nicole Gipson
Printing History:
August 1995 First Edition.
January 1997: Minor corrections.
Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O'Reilly logo are registered
trademarks and The Java Series is a trademark of O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are
claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O'Reilly &
Associates, Inc. was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or
initial caps.
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher assumes no
responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information
contained herein.
This book is printed on acid-free paper with 85% recycled content, 15% post-consumer waste.
O'Reilly & Associates is committed to using paper with the highest recycled content available
consistent with high quality.
ISBN. 1-56592-139-9 [12/98]
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Table of Contents
Preface
xv
I: The Basics
1
1: What Is C++? 3
3
A Brief History of C++
3
C++ Organization
4
How to Learn C++
6
2: The Basics of Program Writing
9
Programs from Conception to Execution
12
Creating a Real Program
13
Creating a Program Using a Command-Line Compiler
13
Creating a Program Using an Integrated Development Environment
16
Getting Help in UNIX
32
Getting Help in an Integrated Development Environment
33
Programming Exercises
33
3: Style
35
Comments
36
C++ Code 4
41
Naming Style
42
Coding Religion
43
Indentation and Code Format
43
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Clarity
44
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44
Simplicity
45
Consistency and Organization
46
Further Reading
46
Summary
46
4: Basic Declarations and Expressions
49
The Elements of a Program
49
Basic Program Structure
50
Simple Expressions
51
The cout Output Class
53
Variables and Storage
53
Variable Declarations
54
Integers
55
Assignment Statements
56
Floating Point Numbers
57
Floating Point Versus Integer Divide
58
Characters
59
Programming Exercises
60
Answers Chapter Questions
61
5: Arrays, Qualifiers, and Reading Numbers
63
Arrays
63
Strings
64
Reading Data
67
Initializing Variables
69
Multidimensional Arrays
70
Types of Integers
72
Types of Floats
74
1598729.006.png
74
Constant and Reference Declarations
74
Qualifiers
76
Hexadecimal and Octal Constants
78
Operators for Performing Shortcuts
78
Side Effects
79
Programming Exercises
82
Answers to Chapter Questions
82
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6:
Decision and Control Statements
85
if Statement
85
else Statement
87
How Not to Use strcmp
88
Looping Statements
88
while Statement
88
Break Statement
91
continue Statement
92
The Assignment Anywhere Side Effect
92
Programming Exercises
94
Answers to Chapter Questions
95
7.
The Programming Process
97
Setting Up
99
The Specification
100
Code Design
101
The Prototype
102
The Makefile
103
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103
Testing
105
Debugging
106
Maintenance
108
Revisions
108
Electronic Archaeology
109
Mark Up the Program
109
Use the Debugger
110
Use the Text Editor as a Browser
110
Add Comments
110
Programming Exercises
113
II: Simple Programming
115
8:
More Control Statements
117
for Statement
117
switch Statement
120
switch, break, and continue
125
Programming Exercises
127
Answers to Chapter Questions
128
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9:
Variable Scope and Functions
129
Scope and Storage Class
129
Functions
133
Summary of Parameter Types
146
Structured Programming Basics
146
Recursion
148
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