guide to windows performance tuning.pdf

Books

Windows & .NET Magazine Technical Reference

Windows Performance Tuning

By Curt Aubley, Jordan Ayala, Cris Banson, Pierre Bijaoui,

Sean Daily, Kalen Delaney, Troy Landry, Darren Mar-Elia,

Tony Redmond, Joe Rudich, and Tao Zhou

A Division of Penton Media

Windows & .NET Magazine

any form by an electronic or mechanical means (including pho-

tocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval)

without permission in writing from the publisher.

It is the reader’s responsibility to ensure procedures and tech-

niques used from this book are accurate and appropriate for the

user’s installation. No warranty is implied or expressed.

ISBN 1-58304-506-6

About the Authors

Curt Aubley (caubley@oao.com) is chief technology officer for OAO and an MCSE. He is the

author of Tuning and Sizing Windows 2000 for Maximum Performance (Prentice Hall).

Jordan Ayala (jordanayala@hotmail.com) is a contributing author for Windows & .NET Magazine.

He is an MCP and an independent consultant and writer in Seattle.

Cris Banson (cbanson@itref.com) is a freelance writer who specializes in enterprise networking,

storage, and global connectivity. He is an MCSE and a CNE.

Pierre Bijaoui (pierre.bijaoui@compaq.com) is a senior solution architect for Compaq’s Applied

Microsoft Technologies Group in Sophia-Antipolis, France.

Sean Daily (sdaily@winnetmag.com) is a senior contributing editor for Windows & .NET Magazine

and the CEO of Realtimepublishers.com. His most recent books are The Definitive Guide series

(Realtimepublishers.com).

Kalen Delaney (http://www.insidesqlserver.com) is an independent SQL Server trainer and con-

sultant, an MCT, and an MCSE. She is the author or coauthor of several books about SQL Server,

including Inside Microsoft SQL Server 2000 (Microsoft Press).

Troy Landry (tlandry@oao.com) is a senior system architect for OAO and an MCSE. He works

extensively in system and network management solutions.

Darren Mar-Elia (dmarelia@winnetmag.com) is a contributing editor for Windows & .NET Maga-

zine and senior product architect for Windows at Quest Software. His most recent book is The Tips

and Tricks Guide to Windows 2000 Group Policy (Realtimepublishers.com).

Tony Redmond (exchguru@winnetmag.com) is a contributing editor for Windows & .NET Maga-

zine, senior technical editor for Exchange & Outlook Administrator, vice president and chief tech-

nology officer for Compaq Global Services, and author of Microsoft Exchange Server 2000:

Planning, Design, and Implementation (Digital Press).

Joe Rudich (joe@rudich.com) is a network administrator with the St. Paul Companies in St. Paul,

Minnesota.

Tao Zhou (tao@winnetmag.com) is a contributing editor for Windows & .NET Magazine and an

Internet services engineer for a New Jersey–based networking company. He is an MCSE and a

Master CNE and holds a master’s degree in computer science.

Books

Table of Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Part 1: Windows Server and Client Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Chapter 1: Windows 2000 Performance Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Performance Monitor vs. Task Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Performance Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Performance Monitor in the Real World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Sidebar: Activating All Performance Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

General Performance Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Long-Term Performance Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Sampling Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Which Process Is the Bottleneck? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Task Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Use Your Imagination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Chapter 2: NT Performance Tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Network Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Understand Your Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Chapter 3: Tuning NT Server Disk Subsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Common RAID Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Sidebar: What to Look for When Selecting a Scalable RAID Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Fault Tolerance of the RAID Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

RAID Manageability Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Support for Dynamic Growth of the RAID Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Support for Additional Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

I/O Technology in Place: Follow Your Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Sidebar: Why Is RAID 5 Slow on Writes? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Disk Workload Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Load Balancing Your Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Tuning the Allocation Unit Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

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