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KARL MARX
THE
POVERTY
OF
PHILOSOPHY
FOREIGN LANGUAGES PRESS
PEKING
First Edition 1966
Second Edition 1974
Third Edition 1977
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Prepared © for the Internet by David J. Romagnolo, djr@cruzio.com (February 1998)
PDF created by dudeman5685@yahoo.com
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PUBLISHER'S NOTE
The present English edition of Karl Marx's Poverty of Philosophy , Answer to the "Philosophy of Poverty"
by M. Proudhon , [ 1 ] follows the French edition of 1847, while the revisions in the German editions of 1885
and 1892 and in the French edition of 1896 have been taken into account. The translations of this work, of
the two prefaces by Frederick Engels and of the four appendices are based on previous versions. Some
changes have been made for closer conformity with the original French or German texts.
C O N T E N T S
PREFACE TO THE FIRST GERMAN EDITION
By Frederick Engels
1
PREFACE TO THE SECOND GERMAN EDlTlON
By Frederick Engels
20
KARL MARX: THE POVERTY OF PHILOSOPHY
Answer to the "Philosophy of Poverty"
by M. Proudhon
23
FOREWORD
Chapter I. A SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY
25
§ 1 . The Opposition Between Use Value and Exchange
Value
25
§ 2 . Constituted Value or Synthetic Value 38
§ 3 . Application of the Law of the Proportionality of Value 72
A ) Money
B ) Surplus Left by Labour
72
83
Chapter II. THE METAPHYSICS OF POLITICAL
ECONOMY
96
§ 1 . The Method
96
First Observation
Second Observation
Third Observation
Fourth Observation
Fifth Observation
Sixth Observation
Seventh and Last Observation
97
102
103
104
109
115
§ 2 . Division of Labour and Machinery
122
§ 3 . Competition and Monopoly
139
§ 4 . Property or Rent
148
§ 5 . Strikes and Combinations of Workers
161
APPENDICES
MARX : TO P. V. ANNENKOV
173
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MARX : SPEECH ON THE QUESTION OF FREE
TRADE
189
MARX : A CONTRIBUTION TO THE CRITIQUE OF
POLITICAL
ECONOMY (EXCERPT)
208
MARX : ON PROUDHON (TO J. B. SCHWEITZER)
215
NOTES
224

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