Pera Pera Penguin 84.pdf

5-minute Japanese Class by Hitomi Hirayama

I went to play golf with my colleagues, and we had a meal together afterward. One of them said, " motto

rensh - -shiteitara ..." and " asokoni ki ga nakereba ...," and another person said, " m - sukoshi migi ni

tobeba ..." and a third person said, " honto kaze ga nakereba motto tondeita noni ...." Ms. Hirayama,

is there a special golf style for conversations? Everyone used " tara-reba " in their sentence, and I could not

join in the conversation. I'm going to play golf again, so please tell me how to speak before I go.

I see. We could use " tara-reba " when the result is not as good as we

expect. They said, “If I had more practiced...,” “If there was no tree over there...,” If

the ball flew a little bit to the right.” How true! If there was no wind, the ball would

have gone much further. When you studied grammar, you learned subjunctive

forms, right? These forms are very similar to each other, so it is confusing.

と

There are four Japanese forms, " tara / ba / nara / to ," to indicate the subjunctive. The usages of these forms are very similar to each other, and each usage overlaps some of the o ther usages grammatically

and vary depending on one's occupation, locality, surroundings, gender and so on. Thus, it can be very complicated. If I try to explain everything at once, it will confuse you. So, I will only show you the typical

classifications, and you will learn how to use them in more detail in Vol. 85.

(2) Seesaw : Choosing by comparison

(4) Unlikely dream : When something is highly unlikely

to become reality, " moshi (if)" is placed at the

beginning of the sentence.

e.g., ( moshi ) takarakuji ni atattara ageru ne

(If I win the lottery, I will give it to you!)

Cheap

e.g.,

Expensive

Pick one

(1) Automatically : The result (Y) of general condition (X) "always" or

"certainly" occurs. Speculation is not called for.

yasui

takai

yasui nara kaimasu

(If it is cheap, I will buy it.)

nara

Condition

と　

(always/certainly)

Automatically

same result

I will buy

(5) Surprise (when surprised) / Emergency / Discovery !

e.g., jishin ga okitara hi o keshimasu

(When an earthquake strikes, I extinguish

any open flames.)

。

tara

★ Instruction: e.g., button o osu to monitor ga tsuku (When you press

the button, the monitor is turned on.)

★ Giving directions: e.g., migi ni magaru to hashi ga aru (When you

turn right, you will see a bridge.)

★ Natural phenomena/science: e.g., natsu ni naru to atsukunaru

(When the summer comes, it gets hotter.)

（3） Playing catch : Playing catch in conversation

(Picking up what a speaker says, and

describing one's knowledge or opinion.)

e.g., Mr. A : Yada-san doko ? (Where is Mr. Yada?)

Mr. B : Yada-san nara yasumi desu

(If it is about Mr. Yada, he is on holiday.)

ば

★ Same results

1. General: e.g., sat - o ireru to amakunaru (When you put sugar

in it, it becomes sweeter.)

2. Personal: e.g., onaka ga suku to iraira suru (When I get

hungry, I get irritated easily.)

(2) Reality

e.g., tabesugiru to futoru (When you eat too much, you become fat.)

(1) Hidden meaning : Although " ba " can be replaced by " tara ," a

hidden meaning behind the reality is emphasized by using " ba ."

たら

Supposition that is

different from reality

ば

(3) Narration : Describing the facts of a situation chronologically. (When

empathy is needed, " tara " is used.)

e.g., haha wa shigoto ga owaru to dekaketa

(When the mother finished her job, she went out.)

。

tara

e.g., okane ga areba kaemasu

(If only I had money, I would buy it.) (In reality,

he/she has no money.)

(Jump to the future)

(1) Future trip : Future / Hope / Emergency / Happening

/ Advice / As soon as / ___ then ___, etc.

Reality / hidden

meaning

→ okane ga attara kaemasu

(If I have money, I will buy it.) (There is no

hidden meaning, it is just supposition.)

なら

Talking about a future event while in the present. When talking about the

future, " tara " is most frequently used among " tara / ba / nara / to ."

nara

(2) Strong suggestion : Listener has no option.

(1) Pick one : Judging or describing

by category

Pick one

e.g., kaettara mail no

check o shimasu

e.g., kore ni sureba (Why don’t you take this one?) (In reality, he or

she must take it.)

Future trip

(3) Past habit

(When I get home, I will

check my e-mails.)

★ Selection: e.g., getsuy - bi nara ikemasu (If it is Monday, I can go.)

★ Introduction or suggestion: e.g., kome nara Nihon no ga oish - desu

(If you want to eat rice, Japan’s is excellent.)

★ Answer with one example: e.g., sashimi nara tabeta koto ga

arimasu (" sashimi ," I’ve tried eating it.)

★ Of course: e.g., Nihon-jin nara kanji ga yomemasu

(If they are Japanese, they can read kanji.)

e.g., gakus - -jidai wa tomodachi to aeba uta no hanashi o shita

(When I was a student, I talked about songs with my friend

whenever I saw him.)

Present

in the Future

(2) Advice : e.g., d -

shitara -

desu ka ? (What should I do?)

(3) Weak suggestion : Listener has an option.

e.g., sukoshi yasundara ?

(Why don't you take a rest?)

(4) Proverbs :

e.g., san nin yoreba monju no chie (Two heads are better than one.)

With cooperation from Yasuhiro Koga

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