Pera Pera Penguin 85.pdf

ͱɹ

Automatically

same result

Pick one

なら

nara

5-minute Japanese Class by Hitomi Hirayama

I learned the " tara/nara/ba/to " subjunctive forms in the Vol. 84 column, and I tried to use

them in conversation, but wasn’t very confident. I get confused over which one to use. The

other day, when talking to a friend, I stammered, " Akihabara ni ittara ... iku to ... (If I go

to.... When I go to Akihabara ......" and stopped in confusion. She then asked me, " What are

you trying to say?" I just threw up my hands in frustration. What should I have said?

I know it is confusing. Just as I wrote in the previous lesson, the " tara/nara/ba/to " subjunctive form

is complicated and hard to understand for beginners. That is why I chose frequently used expressions of

such forms in the previous lesson. Also, I tried to explain them in such a way to impress the main points on

your memory. For this lesson, let me choose " to/nara " and explain the details in a simple way. For the

next lesson, I will explain the " tara/ba " subjunctive form.

ͱɹ

to Something that cannot be controlled.

なら

nara

The speaker's subjectiveness (judgment,

intention, hope, request, order, advice, opinion, etc.)

e.g., wakaranai nara k - te-kudasai .

(It sounds businesslike.)

wakaranai n /no nara k - te-kudasai .

(It sounds empathetic.)

wakaranai ndattara k - te-kudasai .

(It sounds like the speaker's feeling is emphasized more.)

Coffee break

(1) Automatically :

1. Pick one : Judging or describing by category. In general, " nara " is used

when responding to what the recipient said. a) Selection

b) Introduction or suggestion (Caution: the selected item comes

after " nara .") c) Answer with one example d) Of course

Condition

ͱɹ

ʢ ɹ ʣ

always/certainly

Automatically

same result

。

The result (Y) of general condition (X) always or certainly occurs.

Speculation is not called for.

Q : When can I see you?

Q : Where can I go to get cheap electric

appliances?

3 Playing catch : Playing catch in conversation (Picking up

what a speaker says, and describing one's

knowledge or opinion.)

a) Instruction b) Giving directions c) Natural phenomena/science

d) Same results (1. General 2. Personal habit )

A : Any time next week is OK.

A : If you want cheap appliances,

you should visit Akihabara .

raish - nara itsudemo

(2) Reality ɹ

電化製品なら秋葉原かな。 (1-b)

(3) Narration : Describing the facts of a situation chronologically.

denkas - hin nara Akihabara kana

Q : Have you tried sushi?

ケーキ

cake

A : No, but I have eaten sashimi .

電源を入れると動く。(1-a)

右に曲がると銀行がある。(1-b)

migi ni magaru to gink - ga aru

(When you turn right, there is a bank.)

いいえ、でも刺身なら食べました。 (1-c)

Q : Children are half price?

A : Yes, for primary school students.

- e, demo sashimi nara tabemashita

dengen o ireru to ugoku

cake

(When you turn it on, it moves.)

はい、小学生なら。(1-d)

hai, sh - gakus - nara

Huh? I can't find my cake!

Oops, I ate the cake.

３に２を足すと５になる。

(1-d-1)

あれ？ケーキがない！あ、ケーキなら食べちゃった。

are? cake ga nai !

手を切ると痛い！(2)

Robot

a cake nara tabechatta

te o kiru to itai

san ni ni o tasu to

go ni naru

2. Seesaw : Choosing by comparing A to B. It may be best to use " nara "

in order to describe what is happening right now in front of one's

eyes, or the current situation. The decision varies according

to the situation or personal opinion.

(When you cut your hand, it hurts.)

(When 2 is added to 3, it makes 5.)

上田さん

植物は水がないと

枯れる。(1-c)

ストレスがたまると食べる。

(1-d-2)

Now

Ueda-

san

shokubutsu wa mizu

ga nai to kareru

Ms. Ueda

stress ga tamaru to

taberu

cold

hot

A: understand B: Don't understand

No emotion!

(When a plant doesn’t

receive water, it withers.)

寒い

samui

暑い

わかる

わからない

Ms. Ueda！

Ms. Ueda has gone home.

(When I become stressed, I eat.)

atsui

wakaru

wakaranai

上田さ〜ん！上田さんなら帰りましたよ。

Ueda-san ！ Ueda-san nara kaerimashita yo

Now

トンネルを抜けるとそこは海だった。(３)

tunnel o nukeru to soko wa umi datta

(When I came out of the tunnel, I saw the sea in front of me.)

本

聞いて下さい。

暖房を消す

k - te-kudasai

hon

danb - o kesu

Now

When "to" is replaced with " tara ," the empathy is emphasized,

and it sounds more conversational.

Turn off the heater

Please ask me.

book

e.g.,

3 ni 2 o tasu to 5 ni narimasu

(It sounds mathematical.)

When it becomes hot, let's turn off the heater.

If you don't understand, please ask me.

Where is the book that I left here? I threw it away.

暑いなら暖房を消しましょう。

atsui nara danb - o keshimash -

わからないなら聞いて下さい。

ここにあった本は？

あの本なら捨てました!

wakaranai nara k - te-kudasai

3 ni 2 o tashitara 5 ni narimasu

(It sounds as if the speaker is trying to help the listener understand.)

Coffee break

koko ni atta hon wa?

ano hon nara sutemashita

With cooperation from Yasuhiro Koga

ͱɹ

なら

Pick one

same result

nara

If you want to add your empathy to phrases 1 (Pick one)

and 2 (Seesaw), use "i-adj. / verb + n /no nara ." If you want

to put more feeling into it, use "i-adj. / verb + ndattara " or

"na-adj. / noun + dattara ."

来週ならいつでも。 (1-a)

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika: