IPv4_Multicast.pdf

IP V 4 M ULTICAST

packetlife.net

Layer 2 Addressing

Group Ranges

239.142.57.6

224.0.0.0/24

Local network control

11101111 10001110 00111001 00000110

224.0.1.0/24

Internetwork control

232.0.0.0/8

Source-specific

01-00-5E-0E-39-06

233.0.0.0/8

GLOP (RFC 3180)

00000001 00000000 01011110 00001110 00111001 00000110

239.0.0.0/8 Admin-scoped

Terminology

Common Groups

Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF)

Verifies that multicast traffic travels in the reverse direction of

unicast traffic, away from the tree root

Cisco Group Management Protocol (CGMP)

A proprietary protocol used by switches to obtain multicast

membership information for end hosts (deprecated)

224.0.0.1

All hosts

224.0.0.2

All routers

224.0.1.39

Cisco RP Announce

224.0.1.40

Cisco RP Discovery

Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)

Hosts send IGMP requests to local routers to join multicast groups

Distribution Trees

Shared

A common set of links which carry all

multicast traffic; statically configured

IGMP Configuration

IGMP Support

Router(config-if)# ip igmp [version <#>]

Source-Rooted

Provides the shortest paths from the

source to receivers

IGMP Snooping

Switch(config)# ip igmp snooping

Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)

Dense Mode

The initial tree encompasses all multicast routers; after a period of

time, routers without IGMP members prune back branches

IGMP

IGMPv1

Original IGMP specification

Sparse Mode

The tree is grown from a central rendezvous point out to the

multicast source and recipients

IGMPv2

Adds support for dynamic leave requests

and querier election to original IGMP

Sparse-Dense Mode

Allows a PIM-enabled interface to function in either sparse or dense

mode per group

IGMPv3

Adds multicast source filtering to v2

IGMP Snooping

A switch passively inspects IGMP

requests to determine which hosts

should receive multicast traffic

PIMv1

Provides automatic RP discovery with Auto-RP (Cisco proprietary)

PIMv2

Automatic RP discovery is accomplished by the bootstrap router

(BSR) method (standard)

IGMP Troubleshooting

show ip igmp

PIM Configuration

show ip igmp group

ip multicast-routing

interface FastEthernet0/0

ip pim {sparse-mode | dense-mode | sparse-dense-mode}

ip pim version {1 | 2}

show ip igmp interface

show ip igmp snooping

ip igmp join-group

RP Configuration

PIM Troubleshooting

Manual

ip pim rp-address <IP>

show ip mroute

Auto-RP Mapping Agent

ip pim send-rp-discovery scope <TTL>

show ip pim interface

Auto-RP Candidate

ip pim send-rp-announce <interface>

show ip pim neighbor

BSR Candidate

ip pim bsr-candidate <interface>

BSR RP Candidate ip pim rp-candidate <interface>

show ip pim rp [mapping]

show ip rpf <IP>

by Jeremy Stretch

v2.0

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