Rozmówki białoruskie.pdf

BELARUSIAN PHRASE BOOK AND DICTIONARY

BIEŁARUSKI RAZMOŬNIK I SŁOŬNIK

БЕЛАРУСКІ РАЗМОЎНІК І СЛОЎНІК

Modelled after the Berlitz language guides

Written by Uładzimir Katkoŭski, 1999-2001

Guide to pronuniciation

This and the following chapter are intended to make you familiar with the phonetic transcription

(we use Lacinka -- the Belarusian Latin script for that purpose), and to help you to get used to

the sound of Belarusian.

Belarusian is one of the most phonetic of all European languages, and you should have little

trouble pronouncing Belarusian once youÓve got accustomed to its diacritical marks in Lacinka

or learn the Cyrillic alphabet.

The Belarusian language historically was written in two scripts: Cyrillic or Latin letters

(Lacinka). Currently the Cyrillic alphabet is dominating the scene, although Lacinka is still

surviving and it is probably easier to learn for English speakers. You should have very little

trouble with it especially if you are familiar with Czech or Polish alphabets. Here are the two

Belarusian alphabets:

Cyrillic Belarusian Alphabet

Аа Бб Вв Гг Ґґ Дд ДЖдж ДЗдз Ее Ёё Жж Зз Іі Йй Кк Лл Мм Нн Оо

Пп Рр Сс Тт Уу Ўў Фф Хх Цц Чч Шш Ыы Ьь Ээ Юю Яя

Latin Belarusian Aalphabet

Aa Bb Cc Ćć Čč Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Łł Mm Nn Ńń Oo Pp Rr

Ss Śś ÿĀ Tt Uu Ŭŭ Ww Yy Zz Źź āĂ

Below is the mapping of one alphabet to the other and the pronunciation of the letters.

Pronunciation of the Belarusian letters

Cyrillics

Lacinka

Pronunciation Cyrillics

Lacinka

Pronunciation

А а

A a

О о

O o

Б б

B b

Beh

П п

P p

Peh

В в

V v

Veh

Р р

R r

Г г

H h

Heh

С с

S s

Ґ ґ

G g

Geh

Сь сь

Ś ś

EsÓ

Д д

D d

Deh

Т т

T t

Teh

Дж дж

Dā dĂ

Dzheh

У у

U u

Дз дз

DZ dz

Dzeh

Ў ў

Ŭ ŭ

Oo (short)

Е е

Je or ie *

Yeh

Ф ф

F f

Ё ё

Jo or io *

Yoh

Х х

Ch ch

Kheh

Ж ж

ā Ă

Zheh

Ц ц

C c

Tseh (hard)

З з

Z z

Zeh

Ць ць

Ć ć

TsÓeh (soft)

Зь зь

Ź ź

Zyeh

Ч ч

Č č

Cheh

І і

I i

Ш ш

ÿ Ā

Sheh

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Й й

J j or ji *

Short Ee Ы ы

Y y

К к

K k

Kah

Ь ь

n/a

Soft sign

Л л

Ł ł

El (hard) Э э

E e

Ль ль

L l

ElÓ (soft) Ю ю

Ju or iu *

Yuh

М м

M m

Ehm

Я я

Ja or ia *

Yah

Н н

N n

Ehn (hard)

n/a

Apostrophe

Нь нь Ń ń

EhnÓ(soft)

* - the spelling depends on the position of the letter which will be explained later.

Consonants (zyčnyja)

The pronuniciation of Belarusian consonants can be either ÐhardÑ or Ðsoft.Ñ Consonants are

ÐsoftÑ when followed by the vowels я (ia), е (ie), і (i), ё (io), ю (iu) or the Ðsoft signÑ ь (in

lacinka there is no Ðsoft sign,Ñ but rather softness is shown either using small signs over the

consonants or by changing ÐjÑ into ÐiÑ in the vowels -- ja-ia, je-ie, jo-io, ju-iu).

Below you can find the list of consonant sounds and their approximate pronunciation. Many of

the sounds are not present in English, but this table should help you to pronounce the sounds so

that native speakers would be able to understand you easily.

Cyrillic Lacinka Approximate pronunciation

Example

like b in b it

b aćka б ацька

like v in v ine

v ulica в уліца

like g in g o

g azeta ґ азэта

no equivalent sound. approx. like h

in h ow

h urok г урок

like d in d o

d obra д обра

дж

dĂ

like j in j ourney

d Ăała дж ала

дзь

dź

no equivalent sound. approx. like ds

in rai ds

dz ie дз е

like s in plea s ure

Ă art ж арт

like z in z oo

z achad з ахад

зь

no equivalent sound; it is a soft

palatalized z that sounds in between

z and zh .

ź miest зь мест

like k in k itten

k ava к ава

like l in l ady

ł yĂka л ыжка

ль

soft l (like in German) or l in l emon l ustra л юстра

like m in m y

m aci м аці

like n in n ot

n azva н азва

нь

like n in n ear

pryvita ńn ie

прывіта ньн е

like p in p ot

p akoj п акой

trilled r (like a Scottish r )

r ada р ада

like s in s un

s am с ам

сь

no equivalent sound;

it is a soft palatalized s that sounds

in between s and sh

ś viata сь вята

like t in t ip

t ak т ак

like w in w indow

a ŭ tar а ў тар

like f in f ace

f ryzura ф рызура

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like ch in Scottish lo ch

ch mara х мара

like ts in ca ts

c ybula ц ыбуля

ць

no corresponding sound in English;

it is a soft palatalized ts

c ikava ц ікава

hard ch that sounds like a

combination of t and sh

č akać ч акаць

like sh in sh ut

Ā kada ш када

Note: Like in most other Slavic languages voiced consonants are pronounced voiceless at the end

of the word, e.g. in zub (sounds like ÐzoopÑ), kryĂ (sounds like ÐkryshÑ), brud (sounds like

ÐbrutÑ). Soft palatalized consonants ( ć , ś , ź , dź ) probably will be the most difficult to master.

There are similar palatalized sounds in the Polish language, so it will be helpful if you are

familiar with Polish. If the consonants c , s , z , dz are followed by the vowel i , they become

palatalized (softened), although there is no soft mark above the letter; the letter i already implies

that the consonant is soft (for example, zi ma, si ła, dzi rka). Also Belarusian Ð h Ñ may require

some practice. It is helpful if you are familiar with Ukrainian or Czech because they have a very

similar fricative Ð h Ñ sound.

Vowels (hałosnyja)

Cyrillics Lacinka Approximatepronunciation

Example

between the a in c a t and the u in c u t a le а ле

je or ie like ye in ye t

dz ie дз е

jo or io like yo in yo nder

jo n ё н

like ee in s ee

i chny і хны

like y in ga y or bo y . It is a semi-

vowel, i.e. always combined with a

full vowel.

so j m со й м

like o in h o t.

v o ka в о ка

like oo in b oo t

v u lica в у ліца

a ÐdarkÑ hard i , like the i in Chr i s

jan y ян ы

like e in m e t

h e ta г э та

ju or iu like u in d u ke

ju nak ю нак

ja or ia like ya in ya rd

ja ki я кі

Note: Whenever vowels je , jo , ju , ja are placed at the beginning of a word (like in jon , jany ,

junak ) or they are placed after a vowel (like in majo , opijum , bielaja ) they are spelled with j .

After the soft consonants they are spelled with i : ie , io , iu , ia (like in dzie , miod , miasa ). The

only exception is when the preceding letter is the soft l . Since l is a soft consonant by definition,

you do not need to show softness by placing an extra i . Thus, the word lod is pronounced as

liod , and lamant is pronounced as liamant , although they are spelled without the extra i .

Other letters (in Ā yja litary)

ь Î Ðsoft signÑ makes the preceding consonant soft. In lacinka there is no explicit letter for

Ðsoft sign,Ñ but the softness is expressed through the diacritical marks: ć , ś , ń , ź . For example,

сьнег in Cyrillic letters and śnieg in lacinka.

Ò Î ÐapostrafÑ (apostrophe) is used between two parts of a compound word in the Cyrillic script

to show that the pronunciation of the word should incorporate a clear separation of the two parts.

For example: сямÓя , абÓект . In lacinka there is no apostrophe, and the separation is shown by

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changing ÐiÑ into ÐjÑ in front of the vowel, e.g. you must spell siamja instead of siamia , and

abjekt instead of abiekt .

Diphtongs (dyftongi)

The following stressed dyphtongs exist in Belarusian:

Cyrillics Lacinka Approximatepronunciation

Example

ай

like igh in s igh

r aj р ай

яй

jaj

like the previous sound, but

preceded by y in y es

stol aj стол яй

ой

like oy in b oy

s oj m с ой м

ей

jej

like ya in Ya tes

hl ej гл ей

эй

like ey in pr ey

r ej ka р эй ка

ый

like i in Chr i s followed by the y in

y es

kr yj кр ый

уй

like oo in g oo d followed by the y in

y es

paps uj папс уй

юй

juj

like the previous sound, but

preceded by a short y-sound

habl uj габл юй

аў

aŭ

like ou in cl ou d

k aŭ nier к аў нер

яў

jaŭ

like the previous sound, but

preceded by a short y-sound

pal aŭ ničy пал яў нічы

оў

oŭ

like ow in r ow

kr oŭ кр оў

еў

jeŭ

like ye in yet followed by the w-

sound (like w in w indow)

śp eŭ сьп еў

эў

eŭ

like e in b e t followed by w-sound

kr eŭ ny кр эў ны

ыў

yŭ

like i in Chr i s followed by w-sound abr yŭ абр ыў

уў

uŭ

like like oo in g oo d followed by w-

sound

kran uŭ кран уў

Stress (nacisk)

Stress in Belarusian is irregular and must simpy be learned. The only helpful clue is that letter o

exists only under stress, so whenever the stress is on some other syllable it changes into a . This

pecularity is called akańnie (Ðspeech with aÑ). So, whenever you see letter o , you already know

where to put the stress in that word. Apart from ÐakańnieÑ there are other patterns according to

which vowels change whenever they are not stressed. Words may be stressed differently in the

plural form; e.g. vakn`o (window), but v`okny (windows).

Note: Letters in bold print should be read with more stress (longer) than the others. WedonÓt

show stress for one-syllable words.

Some basic expressions (kolki asno ŭ nych vyraza ŭ )

Yes / No

Tak / Nie

Так / Не

Please

Kali las ka

Калі лас ка

Thank you

Dzia kuj

Дзя куй

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Thank you very much

Via li ki dzia kuj

Вя лі кі дзя куй

ThatÓs all right / You are

welcome

Nia ma za Āto

Ня ма за што

Excuse me / Sorry!

Pra bač cie! Da ruj cie!

Pierapra Āa ju!

Пра бач це! Да руй це!

Перапра ша ю!

May I...

Daz vol cie...

Даз воль це...

Greetings (Pryvitańni)

Good morning

Dobraj ra nicy!

Доб рай ран іцы!

Good afternoon

Dzień dob ry / Dab ry dzień Дзень доб ры/ Даб ры дзень

Good evening

Dobry vie čar

Доб ры ве чар!

Good night

Dab ra nač

Даб ра нач

Goodbye

Da paba čeń nia

Да паба чэнь ня

Hello!

Pryvi ta ńnie!

Прыві тань не!

Hi! (informal)

Zda ro ŭ! Zda ro va!

Зда роў ! Зда ро ва!

See you later

Paba čy msia

Па ба чымся

See you! (informal)

Pa kul !

Па куль !

Pleased to meet you

Pry jem na pazna jo micca Пры ем на пазна ём іцца

WhatÓs your name?

Jak vas zvać? / Jak vas

kli čuć?

Як вас зваць? / Як вас

клі чуць?

My name is...

Mianie za vuć ... / Mianie

kli čuć...

Мя не за вуць ... / Мя не

клі чуць...

This is Mr./Mrs./Ms....

Heta spa dar / spa da rynia /

spada ry čna...

Гэ та спа дар / спа дар ыня /

спада рыч на...

How are you?

Jak spra vy?

Як спра вы?

Very well, thanks. And

you?

Viel mi dob ra, dzia kuj. A ŭ

vas?

Вель мі доб ра, дзя куй! А ў

вас?

How is life?

Jak ma jeciesia? / Jak

Ăyć cio ?

Як ма ецеся? / Як жыць цё ?

WhatÓs new?

ÿto ču va ć?

Што чу ваць ?

Excellent

Vy dat na

Вы дат на

Fine

Dob ra / Cu doŭ na / Faj na Доб ра / Цу доў на / Фай на

So-so

Nia viel mi / Tak sabie Ня вель мі / Так са бе

Bad

Dren na / Kiep ska

Дрэ нна / Кеп ска

Excuse me

Pra bač cie / Vyba ča jusia Пра бач це / Выба ча юся

Questions (Pytańni)

Where?

Dzie?

Дзе?

How?

Jak?

Як?

When?

Ka li ?

Ка лі ?

What?

ÿto?

Што?

Why?

Ča mu ?

Ча му ?

Who?

Chto?

Хто?

Which?

Ja ki ? Ka to ry?

Я кі ? Ка то ры?

Where is...?

Dzie (jość)...?

Дзе (ёсьць)...?

Where to?

Ku dy ?

Ку ды ?

Where from?

Ad kul ? Skul?

Ад куль ? Скуль?

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