Myers - Holt - Chemistry.pdf - Chemia Ogolna - Lilamayi

AUTHORS

R. Thomas Myers, Ph.D.

Professor Emeritus of Chemistry

Kent State University

Kent, Ohio

Salvatore Tocci

Science Writer

East Hampton, New York

Keith B. Oldham, D.Sc.

Professor Emeritus of Chemistry

Trent University,

Peterborough, Ontario, Canada

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

R. Thomas Myers, Ph.D.

Dr. Myers received his B.S. and Ph.D. in chemistry from West Virginia

University in Morgantown, West Virginia. He was an assistant professor of

chemistry and department head at Waynesburg College in Waynesburg,

Pennsylvania, and an assistant professor at the Colorado School of Mines

in Golden, Colorado. He then joined the chemistry faculty at Kent State

University in Kent, Ohio, where he is currently a professor emeritus of

chemistry.

Keith B. Oldham, D.Sc.

Dr. Oldham received his B.Sc. and Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of

Manchester in Manchester, England and performed postdoctoral research

at the Noyes Chemical Laboratory at the University of Illinois in Urbana,

Illinois. He was awarded a D.Sc. from the University of Manchester for his

novel research in the area of electrode processes. He was an assistant lec-

turer of chemistry at the Imperial College in London and a lecturer in

chemistry at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. Dr. Oldham worked

as a scientist for the North American Rockwell Corporation where he per-

formed research for NASA. After 24 years on the faculty, he is now a pro-

fessor emeritus at Trent University in Peterborough, Canada.

Salvatore Tocci

Salvatore Tocci received his B.A from Cornell University in Ithaca, New

York and a Master of Philosophy from the City University of New York in

New York City. He was a science teacher and science department chair-

person at East Hampton High School in East Hampton, New York, and an

adjunct instructor at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York. He was

also an adjunct lecturer at the State University of New York at Stony Brook

and a science teacher at Southold High School in Southold, New York. Mr.

Tocci is currently a science writer and educational consultant.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

CONTRIBUTING

WRITERS

Geology and Geochemistry

Division of Geological and

Planetary Sciences

California Institute of

Technology

Pasadena, California

Nigel Atkinson, Ph.D.

Associate Professor of

Neurobiology

Institute for Cellular and

Molecular Biology

The University of Texas

Austin, Texas

Scott W. Cowley, Ph.D.

Associate Professor

Department of Chemistry

and Geochemistry

Colorado School of Mines

Golden, Colorado

Gina Frey, Ph.D.

Professor of Chemistry

Department of Chemistry

Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri

William B. Guggino, Ph.D.

Professor of Physiology

The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland

Joan Hudson, Ph.D.

Associate Professor of

Botany

Sam Houston State

University

Huntsville, Texas

Wendy L. Keeney-Kennicutt,

Ph.D.

Associate Professor of

Chemistry

Department of Chemistry

Texas A&M University

College Station, Texas

Samuel P. Kounaves

Associate Professor of

Chemistry

Department of Chemistry

Tufts University

Medford, Massachusetts

Phillip LaRoe

Instructor

Department of Physics and

Chemistry

Central Community College

Grande Isle, Nebraska

Jeanne L. McHale, Ph.D.

Professor of Chemistry

College of Science

University of Idaho

Moscow, Idaho

Gary Mueller, Ph.D.

Associate Professor of

Nuclear Engineering

Department of Engineering

University of Missouri

Rolla, Missouri

Brian Pagenkopf, Ph.D.

Professor of Chemistry

Department of Chemistry

and Biochemistry

The University of Texas

Austin, Texas

Charles Scaife, Ph.D.

Chemistry Professor

Department of Chemistry

Union College

Schenectady, New York

Fred Seaman, Ph.D.

Research Scientist and

Chemist

Department of

Pharmacological Chemistry

The University of Texas

Austin, Texas

Peter Sheridan, Ph.D.

Associate Professor of

Chemistry

Department of Chemistry

Colgate University

Hamilton, New York

Spencer Steinberg, Ph.D.

Associate Professor of

Environmental Organic

Chemistry

Department of Chemistry

University of Nevada

Las Vegas, Nevada

Inclusion Specialists

Joan A. Solorio

Special Education Director

Austin Independent School

District

Austin, Texas

John A. Solorio

Multiple Technologies Lab

Facilitator

Austin Independent School

District

Austin, Texas

Lab Safety Consultant

Allen B. Cobb

Science Writer

La Grange, Texas

Lab Tester

Michelle Johnston

Trent University

Peterborough, Ontario,

Canada

Teacher Edition Development

Ann Bekebrede

Science Writer

Sherborn, Massachusetts

Elizabeth M. Dabrowski

Science Department Chair

Magnificat High School

Cleveland, Ohio

Frances Jenkins

Science Writer

Sunburg, Ohio

Laura Prescott

Science Writer

Pearland, Texas

Matt Walker

Science Writer

Portland, Oregon

ACADEMIC REVIEWERS

Eric Anslyn, Ph.D.

Professor of Chemistry

Department of Chemistry

and Biochemistry

The University of Texas

Austin, Texas

Paul Asimow, Ph.D.

Assistant Professor of

Continued on next page

iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

CONTINUED

Aaron Timperman, Ph.D.

Professor of Chemistry

Department of Chemistry

University of West Virginia

Morgantown, West Virginia

Richard S. Treptow, Ph.D.

Professor of Chemistry

Department of Chemistry

and Physics

Chicago State University

Chicago, Illinois

Martin VanDyke, Ph.D.

Professor Emeritus of

Chemistry

Front Range Community

College

Westminister, Colorado

Charles Wynn, Ph.D.

Chemistry Assistant Chair

Department of Physical

Sciences

Eastern Connecticut State

University

Willimantic, Connecticut

Linda Culp

Science Teacher

Thorndale High School

Thorndale, Texas

Chris Diehl

Science Teacher

Belleville High School

Belleville, Michigan

Alonda Droege

Science Teacher

Seattle, Washington

Benjamen Ebersole

Science Teacher

Donnegal High School

Mount Joy, Pennsylvania

Jeffrey L. Engel

Science Teacher

Madison County High School

Athens, Georgia

Stacey Hagberg

Science Teacher

Donnegal High School

Mount Joy, Pennsylvania

Gail Hermann

Science Teacher

Quincy High School

Quincy, Illinois

Donald R. Kanner

Physics and Chemistry

Instructor

Lane Technical High School

Chicago, Illinois

Edward Keller

Science Teacher

Morgantown High School

Morgantown, West Virginia

Stewart Lipsky

Science Teacher

Seward Park High School

New York, New York

Mike Lubich

Science Teacher

Maple Town High School

Greensboro, Pennsylvania

Thomas Manerchia

Environmental Science

Teacher, Retired

Archmere Academy

Claymont, Delaware

Betsy McGrew

Science Teacher

Star Charter School

Austin, Texas

Jennifer Seelig-Fritz

Science Teacher

North Springs High School

Atlanta, Georgia

Dyanne Semerjibashian

Science Teacher

Star Charter School

Austin, Texas

Linnaea Smith

Science Teacher

Bastrop High School

Bastrop, Texas

Gabriela Waschesky, Ph.D.

Science and Mathematics

Teacher

Emery High School

Emeryville, California

(Credits and Acknowledg-

ments continued on p. 908)

TEACHER REVIEWERS

David Blinn

Secondary Sciences Teacher

Wrenshall High School

Wrenshall, Minnesota

Robert Chandler

Science Teacher

Soddy-Daisy High School

Soddy-Daisy, Tennessee

Cindy Copolo, Ph.D.

Science Specialist

Summit Solutions

Bahama, North Carolina

Contents

In Brief

Chapters

1 The Science of Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2 Matter and Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

3 Atoms and Moles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

4 The Periodic Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

5 Ions and Ionic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

6 Covalent Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

7 The Mole and Chemical Composition . . . . . . . . . 222

8 Chemical Equations and Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . 258

9 Stoichiometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

10 Causes of Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

11 States of Matter and Intermolecular Forces . . . . 376

12 Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

13 Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452

14 Chemical Equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494

15 Acids and Bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528

16 Reaction Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574

17 Oxidation, Reduction, and Electrochemistry . . . . 602

18 Nuclear Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640

19 Carbon and Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676

20 Biological Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710

Laboratory Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746

Appendices

Appendix A: Chemical Reference Handbook . . . . . . . 828

Appendix B: Study Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843

Appendix C: Graphing Calculator Technology . . . . . . 856

Appendix D: Problem Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858

Appendix E: Answers to Selected Problems . . . . . . . 876

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883

Spanish Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897

Credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908

Myers - Holt - Chemistry.pdf

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