The Biogenesis Of Cellular Organelles - Chris Mullins.pdf

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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INTELLIGENCE UNIT
Chris Mullins
of Cellular Organelles
MBIU
The Biogenesis
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M OLECULAR B IOLOGY
U NIT
The Biogenesis
of Cellular Organelles
Chris Mullins, Ph.D.
Division of Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Diseases
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive
and Kidney Diseases
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.
L ANDES B IOSCIENCE / E UREKAH . COM
G EORGETOWN , T EXAS
U.S.A.
K LUWER A CADEMIC / P LENUM P UBLISHERS
N EW Y ORK , N EW Y ORK
U.S.A.
I NTELLIGENCE
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T HE B IOGENESIS OF C ELLULAR O RGANELLES
Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit
Landes Bioscience / Eurekah.com
Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers
Copyright ©2005 Eurekah.com and Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers
All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publisher.
Printed in the U.S.A.
Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, 233 Spring Street, New York, New York, U.S.A. 10013
http://www.wkap.nl/
Please address all inquiries to the Publishers:
Eurekah.com / Landes Bioscience, 810 South Church Street, Georgetown, Texas, U.S.A. 78626
Phone: 512/ 863 7762; FAX: 512/ 863 0081
http://www.eurekah.com
http://www.landesbioscience.com
ISBN: 0-306-47990-7
The Biogenesis of Cellular Organelles, edited by Chris Mullins, Landes / Kluwer dual imprint /
Landes series: Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit
While the authors, editors and publisher believe that drug selection and dosage and the specifications
and usage of equipment and devices, as set forth in this book, are in accord with current recommend-
ations and practice at the time of publication, they make no warranty, expressed or implied, with
respect to material described in this book. In view of the ongoing research, equipment development,
changes in governmental regulations and the rapid accumulation of information relating to the biomedical
sciences, the reader is urged to carefully review and evaluate the information provided herein.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The biogenesis of cellular organelles / [edited by] Chris Mullins.
p. ; cm. -- (Molecular biology intelligence unit)
Includes index.
ISBN 0-306-47990-7
1. Cell organelles--Formation. I. Mullins, Chris. II. Series: Molecular biology intelligence unit
(Unnumbered)
[DNLM: 1. Evolution, Molecular. 2. Organelles. QH 591 B615 2004]
QH581.2.B55 2004
571.6'5--dc22
2004019014
 
CONTENTS
Preface ................................................................................................. vii
1. Theory of Organelle Biogenesis: A Historical Perspective ...................... 1
Barbara M. Mullock and J. Paul Luzio
Definitions ............................................................................................ 1
The History of Organelle Recognition .................................................. 2
Protein Synthesis and Targeting ............................................................ 4
Organization into Complex Structures ................................................ 10
Organelle Inheritance .......................................................................... 11
Challenges ........................................................................................... 13
2. Protein Coats As Mediators of Intracellular Sorting
and Organelle Biogenesis ..................................................................... 19
Chris Mullins
Clathrin: A Scaffold for Protein Coats ................................................. 22
Adaptor Protein Complexes: Adaptors for Coats
of the Late-Secretory and Endocytic Pathways ................................. 25
COP Complexes: Protein Coats of the Early Secretory Pathway .......... 29
Adaptor-Related Proteins Define Novel Coats of the Secretory
and Endocytic Pathways .................................................................. 32
3. The Role of Proteins and Lipids in Organelle Biogenesis
in the Secretory Pathway ...................................................................... 45
Thomas F. J. Martin
Protein Sorting Confers a Transient Nature
to Secretory Pathway Organelles ...................................................... 46
The Molecular Machinery Regulating Compartment Identity ............. 46
General Mechanisms Employed for Cargo Exit and Entry:
Fission and Fusion ........................................................................... 50
Exit Mechanisms in Trafficking ........................................................... 52
Entry Mechanisms in Trafficking: Tethering, Priming and Fusion ...... 55
4. Endoplasmic Reticulum Biogenesis:
Proliferation and Differentiation .......................................................... 63
Erik Snapp
ER Functions ...................................................................................... 65
Building Blocks of the ER ................................................................... 69
ER Biogenesis ...................................................................................... 73
ER Network Formation ....................................................................... 74
ER Subdomains ................................................................................... 80
ER Differentiation ............................................................................... 81
Putting It All Together ........................................................................ 84
Appendices .......................................................................................... 85
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5. The Golgi Apparatus: Structure, Function and Cellular Dynamics ...... 96
Nihal Altan-Bonnet and Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz
Golgi Structure and Distribution ......................................................... 96
Golgi Function and Compartmentalization ......................................... 99
Transport within the Golgi Complex ................................................ 101
Golgi Dynamics: Interphase .............................................................. 102
Golgi Dynamics: Mitosis ................................................................... 104
Golgi As a Scaffold for Signaling Molecules ....................................... 104
6. Lysosome Biogenesis and Dynamics ................................................... 111
Diane McVey Ward, Shelly L. Shiflett and Jerry Kaplan
Models for Lysosome Biogenesis ........................................................ 112
Synthesis and Delivery of Lysosomal Hydrolases ............................... 113
Synthesis and Trafficking of Lysosomal Membrane Proteins ............. 114
Lysosomes and Endosomes Undergo Fusion and Fission ................... 115
Lysosomes Are Capable of Fusion with the Plasma Membrane .......... 117
Movement of Lysosomes ................................................................... 118
7. Nucleogenesis ..................................................................................... 127
Sui Huang
The Nuclear Envelope in Mitosis ...................................................... 128
Post-Mitotic Biogenesis of the Nucleolus .......................................... 132
8. Mitochondrial Biogenesis ................................................................... 138
Danielle Leuenberger, Sean P. Curran and Carla M. Koehler
Mitochondrial Dynamics .................................................................. 139
Mitochondrial Protein Import ........................................................... 142
Mitochondrial Protein Export ........................................................... 150
The Protein Surveillance System of the Mitochondrion ..................... 150
Metal Ion Transport .......................................................................... 152
9. The Biogenesis and Cell Biology of Peroxisomes
in Human Health and Disease ........................................................... 164
Stanley R. Terlecky and Paul A. Walton
Biogenesis of Peroxisomal Membranes .............................................. 166
Early Acting Peroxins ........................................................................ 168
The “Preperoxisome”: A Precursor Organelle to the Peroxisome? ...... 169
Molecular Mechanisms of Peroxisomal Protein Import ..................... 170
Index .................................................................................................. 177
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