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Clinical Anatomy of the Horse

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Clinical Anatomy of the Horse

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Clinical Anatomy of the Horse

1st ed.

Hilary M. Clayton , BVMS PhD MRCVS

Mary Anne McPhail Dressage Chair in Equine Sports Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State

University, East Lansing MI 48824-1314, USA

Peter F. Flood , BVSc MSc PhD MRCVS

Professor Emeritus of Veterinary Anatomy, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of

Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada

Diana S. Rosenstein , DVM, MS, DipACVR

Associate Professor of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State

University, East Lansing MI 48824-1314, USA

David Mandeville

Division of Media Technology, University of Saskatchewan, 28 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N

0X1, Canada

0-7234-3302-X

iii

MOSBY ELSEVIER

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First edition 2005

ISBN 07234 3302 X

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Clinical Anatomy of the Horse

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Clinical Anatomy of the Horse

A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

Note

Veterinary knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and

experience broaden our knowledge, changes in practice, treatment and drug therapy may become necessary

or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures

featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or

formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the

practitioner, relying on their own experience and knowledge of the patient, to make diagnoses, to determine

dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To

the fullest extent of the law, neither the publisher nor the authors assume any liability for any injury and/or

damage.

Commissioning Editor: Joyce Rodenhuis

Senior Development Editors: Zoë A Youd, Rita Demetriou-Swanwick

Project Manager: Andrew Palfreyman

Design Direction: Stewart Larking

Printed in China

Front Matter

1 Introduction

2 Head

3 Spinal Column

4 Forelimb and Digit

5 Hindlimb

6 Thoracic Viscera

7 Abdominal and Pelvic Viscera

Clinical Anatomy of the Horse

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Clinical Anatomy of the Horse

1 Introduction

The illustrations in this atlas include photographs of skeletal preparations, dissections and endoscopic views as well as

images obtained by radiology, ultrasonography and computerized tomography. These techniques contribute in different

but complementary ways to our understanding of the anatomy of the horse ( Equus caballus ). The atlas is not intended to

be a comprehensive anatomical reference book, of which there are several; instead, it is an illuminating companion to

these texts. Our intent is to portray those aspects of equine anatomy that are particularly relevant to clinical practice as

well as to students of anatomy.

Modern photographic and color printing techniques have been used to provide the best possible images of prepared

bones and rapidly dissected, unfixed tissues, giving detailed conceptual information that cannot be readily obtained by

other means. Some structures, such as the abdominal viscera, deteriorate rapidly in the fresh state, and in these cases we

have given high priority to the accurate portrayal of color and texture.

Anatomy concerns the form and relationships of the parts of the body. Communication between anatomists is facilitated

by the use of agreed standardized terms and a list of these has been developed and periodically revised by the

International Committee on Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature. The list, which forms a small book known as the

Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria 1 (NAV), provides general descriptive terms applicable to all vertebrates, and specific

terms related to the structure of the horse. During the preparation of the NAV, every effort has been made to maximize

conformity between the human and domestic animal nomenclatures, but because veterinary terminology must be based

on the normal quadrupedal stance, rather than the erect human position, there are distinct differences in the terms used

for direction. The veterinary terms are related to parts of the body, thus blood that flows towards the head is said to be

moving cranially and that flowing towards the tail moves caudally. The directional terms are described in detail in this

chapter through annotated photographs of a horse.

The NAV uses Latin to identify anatomical structures. Anatomists are encouraged to translate the original Latin terms

into their own languages unless this leads to obvious ambiguity. In general, anglicized terms have been used in this

atlas, though the Latin terms have been retained for most muscles. When a structure has a synonym or well-known

name in common usage, it is shown in brackets.

1 Introduction

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Clinical Anatomy of the Horse

1.1 Live horse, lateral view. Topographic terms.

1 Transverse plane – neck, trunk

2 Dorsal – head, neck, trunk, tail

3 Ventral – head, neck, trunk, tail

4 Rostral – head

5 Caudal – head

6 Cranial – neck, trunk, tail

7 Caudal – neck, trunk, tail

8 Proximal – limb

9 Distal – limb

10 Cranial – proximal limb

11 Caudal – proximal limb

12 Dorsal – carpus and digit

13 Palmar – carpus and digit

14 Dorsal – tarsus and digit

15 Plantar – tarsus and digit

1 Introduction

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