Grammar and Usage for Better Writing (2004).pdf

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Grammar and Usage for Better Writing
AMSCO
AMSCO SCHOOL PUBLICATIONS, INC.
315 Hudson Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
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Contributing Editors
Auditi Chakravarty
Director of Language Arts
Amsco School Publications, Inc.
Bonnie Boehme
Editor
Nesbitt Graphics, Inc.
This book has been adapted from the following Amsco publications:
Building Power in Writing
By Henry I. Christ
English Alive: Complete Edition
By Harold Levine
Text and cover design: Nesbitt Graphics, Inc.
Composition: Nesbitt Graphics, Inc.
When ordering this book please specify:
Either R 798 W or GRAMMAR AND USAGE FOR BETTER WRITING
Please visit our Web site at www.amscopub.com
ISBN 1-56765-117-8
NYC Item 56765-117-7
Copyright © 2004 by Amsco School Publications, Inc.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the
publisher.
Printed in the United States of America.
1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9
08 07 06 05 04
 
Contents
Introduction: How to Use This Book
vii
Part ONE Parts of Speech
1
The Subject
3
The Predicate
7
Verbs
10
Action and Linking Verbs
13
Helping Verbs and Verb Phrases
16
Verbs in Contractions
19
Nouns
22
Common and Proper Nouns
24
Plural Nouns
27
Possessive Nouns
34
Compound Subjects
38
Compound Verbs
41
Nouns as Direct Objects
45
Nouns as Indirect Objects
48
Pronouns and Antecedents
52
Personal Pronouns
55
Pronouns in Contractions
58
Review of Verbs, Nouns, and Pronouns
61
Adjectives
68
Predicate Adjectives and Predicate Nouns
72
Adverbs
79
Forming Adverbs from Adjectives
84
Recognizing Adverbs and Adjectives
86
iii
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Review of Adjectives and Adverbs
89
Prepositions
94
Prepositional Phrases
98
Conjunctions
102
Interjections
108
Review of Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections
111
Part TWO Sentence Composition
115
Characteristics of Good Sentences
116
Comparing Sentences
117
Writing Sentences
120
Revising Sentences
121
Clear, Forceful Sentences
123
Conciseness (Economy)
123
Clarity and Specificity
126
Varying Sentences
132
Unity
145
Part THREE Common Usage Errors
149
Problems with Sentence Structure
150
Simple Sentences
150
Compound Sentences
151
Complex Sentences
152
Sentence Fragments
155
Run-on Sentences
164
Problems with Nouns
171
Plurals of Nouns
171
Possessives of Nouns
172
Problems with Verbs
175
Using the Correct Tense
175
Principal Parts of Verbs
177
Agreement of Subject and Verb
181
Troublesome Verb Pairs
185
Problems with Modifiers
189
Adjectives and Adverbs Confused
189
Double Negatives
190
Other Errors
191
iv
CONTENTS
 
Problems with Pronouns
193
Personal Pronouns
193
Indefinite Pronouns
196
Possessive Pronouns
198
Problems with Punctuation
201
End Punctuation
201
The Comma
202
Quotation Marks
209
Punctuating Titles
210
Problems with Capitalization
214
In Letters
214
In Quotations
214
First Words
214
Proper Nouns and Proper Adjectives
215
Problems with Spelling
221
Frequently Misspelled Words
221
Words Often Confused
223
Seven Helpful Spelling Rules
224
Contractions
230
Part FOUR Basic Paragraph Composition
231
The Paragraph
232
A Note About Paragraph Length
233
Unity in the Paragraph
235
The Topic Sentence
239
The Clincher Sentence
242
Developing a Paragraph with Reasons
244
Arranging the Reasons
245
Arranging the Reasons—Another Look
248
Developing a Paragraph with Examples
249
Varying Sentence Beginnings
253
Index
259
CONTENTS
v
 

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