Intel 8086 Family Architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Instruction Clock Cycle Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8088/8086 Effective Address (EA) Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Task State Calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 FLAGS - Intel 8086 Family Flags Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 MSW - Machine Status Word (286+ only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8086/80186/80286/80386/80486 Instruction Set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 AAA - Ascii Adjust for Addition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 AAD - Ascii Adjust for Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 AAM - Ascii Adjust for Multiplication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 AAS - Ascii Adjust for Subtraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ADC - Add With Carry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 ADD - Arithmetic Addition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 AND - Logical And. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 ARPL - Adjusted Requested Privilege Level of Selector (286+ PM). . 7 BOUND - Array Index Bound Check (80188+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 BSF - Bit Scan Forward (386+). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 BSR - Bit Scan Reverse (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 BSWAP - Byte Swap (486+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 BT - Bit Test (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 BTC - Bit Test with Compliment (386+). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 BTR - Bit Test with Reset (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 BTS - Bit Test and Set (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 CALL - Procedure Call. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 CBW - Convert Byte to Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 CDQ - Convert Double to Quad (386+). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 CLC - Clear Carry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 CLD - Clear Direction Flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 CLI - Clear Interrupt Flag (disable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 CLTS - Clear Task Switched Flag (286+ privileged). . . . . . . . . 11 CMC - Complement Carry Flag. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 CMP - Compare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 CMPS - Compare String (Byte, Word or Doubleword) . . . . . . . . . 12 CMPXCHG - Compare and Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 CWD - Convert Word to Doubleword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 CWDE - Convert Word to Extended Doubleword (386+). . . . . . . . . 13 DAA - Decimal Adjust for Addition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 DAS - Decimal Adjust for Subtraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 DEC - Decrement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 DIV - Divide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ENTER - Make Stack Frame (80188+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ESC - Escape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 HLT - Halt CPU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 IDIV - Signed Integer Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 IMUL - Signed Multiply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 IN - Input Byte or Word From Port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 INC - Increment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 INS - Input String from Port (80188+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 INT - Interrupt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 INTO - Interrupt on Overflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 INVD - Invalidate Cache (486+). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 INVLPG - Invalidate Translation Look-Aside Buffer Entry (486+) . . 17 IRET/IRETD - Interrupt Return. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Jxx - Jump Instructions Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 JCXZ/JECXZ - Jump if Register (E)CX is Zero. . . . . . . . . . . . 18 JMP - Unconditional Jump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 LAHF - Load Register AH From Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 LAR - Load Access Rights (286+ protected). . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 LDS - Load Pointer Using DS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 LEA - Load Effective Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 LEAVE - Restore Stack for Procedure Exit (80188+). . . . . . . . . 20 LES - Load Pointer Using ES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 LFS - Load Pointer Using FS (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 LGDT - Load Global Descriptor Table (286+ privileged). . . . . . . 21 LIDT - Load Interrupt Descriptor Table (286+ privileged) . . . . . 21 LGS - Load Pointer Using GS (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 LLDT - Load Local Descriptor Table (286+ privileged) . . . . . . . 22 LMSW - Load Machine Status Word (286+ privileged). . . . . . . . . 22 LOCK - Lock Bus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 LODS - Load String (Byte, Word or Double). . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 LOOP - Decrement CX and Loop if CX Not Zero. . . . . . . . . . . . 23 LOOPE/LOOPZ - Loop While Equal / Loop While Zero . . . . . . . . . 23 LOOPNZ/LOOPNE - Loop While Not Zero / Loop While Not Equal . . . . 23 LSL - Load Segment Limit (286+ protected). . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 LSS - Load Pointer Using SS (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 LTR - Load Task Register (286+ privileged) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 MOV - Move Byte or Word. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 MOVS - Move String (Byte or Word). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 MOVSX - Move with Sign Extend (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 MOVZX - Move with Zero Extend (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 MUL - Unsigned Multiply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 NEG - Two's Complement Negation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 NOP - No Operation (90h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 NOT - One's Compliment Negation (Logical NOT). . . . . . . . . . . 26 OR - Inclusive Logical OR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 OUT - Output Data to Port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 OUTS - Output String to Port (80188+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 POP - Pop Word off Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 POPA/POPAD - Pop All Registers onto Stack (80188+). . . . . . . . 28 POPF/POPFD - Pop Flags off Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 PUSH - Push Word onto Stack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 PUSHA/PUSHAD - Push All Registers onto Stack (80188+) . . . . . . 28 PUSHF/PUSHFD - Push Flags onto Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 RCL - Rotate Through Carry Left. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 RCR - Rotate Through Carry Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 REP - Repeat String Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 REPE/REPZ - Repeat Equal / Repeat Zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 REPNE/REPNZ - Repeat Not Equal / Repeat Not Zero . . . . . . . . . 30 RET/RETF - Return From Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 ROL - Rotate Left. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 ROR - Rotate Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 SAHF - Store AH Register into FLAGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 SAL/SHL - Shift Arithmetic Left / Shift Logical Left . . . . . . . 32 SAR - Shift Arithmetic Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 SBB - Subtract with Borrow/Carry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 SCAS - Scan String (Byte, Word or Doubleword) . . . . . . . . . . 33 SETAE/SETNB - Set if Above or Equal / Set if Not Below (386+). . . 33 SETB/SETNAE - Set if Below / Set if Not Above or Equal (386+). . . 33 SETBE/SETNA - Set if Below or Equal / Set if Not Above (386+). . . 34 SETE/SETZ - Set if Equal / Set if Zero (386+). . . . . . . . . . . 34 SETNE/SETNZ - Set if Not Equal / Set if Not Zero (386+). . . . . . 34 SETL/SETNGE - Set if Less / Set if Not Greater or Equal (386+) . . 34 SETGE/SETNL - Set if Greater or Equal / Set if Not Less (386+) . . 35 SETLE/SETNG - Set if Less or Equal / Set if Not greater or Equal (386+) 35 SETG/SETNLE - Set if Greater / Set if Not Less or Equal (386+) . . 35 SETS - Set if Signed (386+). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 SETNS - Set if Not Signed (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 SETC - Set if Carry (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 SETNC - Set if Not Carry (386+). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 SETO - Set if Overflow (386+). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 SETNO - Set if Not Overflow (386+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 SETP/SETPE - Set if Parity / Set if Parity Even (386+). . . . . . 37 SETNP/SETPO - Set if No Parity / Set if Parity Odd (386+). . . . . 37 SGDT - Store Global Descriptor Table (286+ privileged) . . . . . . 37 SIDT - Store Interrupt Descriptor Table (286+ privileged). . . . . 37 SHL - Shift Logical Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 SHR - Shift Logical Right. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 SHLD/SHRD - Double Precision Shift (386+). ...
djronin