Confucian Analects.txt

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                                     500 BC                                 
                                                                            
                               CONFUCIAN ANALECTS                           
                                                                            
                                   Confucius                                
                                                                            
                                                                            
                                                                            
                                                                            
                                                                            
                                                                            
                                                                            
                                                                            
                                                                            
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  THE Master "Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance      
and application?                                                            
  "Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?       
  "Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure            
though men may take no note of him?"                                        
  The philosopher Yu said, "They are few who, being filial and              
fraternal, are fond of offending against their superiors. There have        
been none, who, not liking to offend against their superiors, have          
been fond of stirring up confusion.                                         
  "The superior man bends his attention to what is radical. That being      
established, all practical courses naturally grow up. Filial piety and      
fraternal submission,-are they not the root of all benevolent               
actions?"                                                                   
  The Master said, "Fine words and an insinuating appearance are            
seldom associated with true virtue."                                        
  The philosopher Tsang said, "I daily examine myself on three              
points:-whether, in transacting business for others, I may have been        
not faithful;-whether, in intercourse with friends, I may have been         
not sincere;-whether I may have not mastered and practiced the              
instructions of my teacher."                                                
  The Master said, "To rule a country of a thousand chariots, there         
must be reverent attention to business, and sincerity; economy in           
expenditure, and love for men; and the employment of the people at the      
proper seasons."                                                            
  The Master said, "A youth, when at home, should be filial, and,           
abroad, respectful to his elders. He should be earnest and truthful.        
He should overflow in love to all, and cultivate the friendship of the      
good. When he has time and opportunity, after the performance of these      
things, he should employ them in polite studies."                           
  Tsze-hsia said, "If a man withdraws his mind from the love of             
beauty, and applies it as sincerely to the love of the virtuous; if,        
in serving his parents, he can exert his utmost strength; if, in            
serving his prince, he can devote his life; if, in his intercourse          
with his friends, his words are sincere:-although men say that he           
has not learned, I will certainly say that he has.                          
  The Master said, "If the scholar be not grave, he will not call           
forth any veneration, and his learning will not be solid.                   
  "Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles.                     
  "Have no friends not equal to yourself.                                   
  "When you have faults, do not fear to abandon them."                      
  The philosopher Tsang said, "Let there be a careful attention to          
perform the funeral rites to parents, and let them be followed when         
long gone with the ceremonies of sacrifice;-then the virtue of the          
people will resume its proper excellence."                                  
  Tsze-ch'in asked Tsze-kung saying, "When our master comes to any          
country, he does not fail to learn all about its government. Does he        
ask his information? or is it given to him?"                                
  Tsze-kung said, "Our master is benign, upright, courteous,                
temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information. The            
master's mode of asking information,-is it not different from that          
of other men?"                                                              
  The Master said, "While a man's father is alive, look at the bent of      
his will; when his father is dead, look at his conduct. If for three        
years he does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called        
filial."                                                                    
  The philosopher Yu said, "In practicing the rules of propriety, a         
natural ease is to be prized. In the ways prescribed by the ancient         
kings, this is the excellent quality, and in things small and great we      
follow them.                                                                
  "Yet it is not to be observed in all cases. If one, knowing how such      
ease should be prized, manifests it, without regulating it by the           
rules of propriety, this likewise is not to be done."                       
  The philosopher Yu said, "When agreements are made according to what      
is right, what is spoken can be made good. When respect is shown            
according to what is proper, one keeps far from shame and disgrace.         
When the parties upon whom a man leans are proper persons to be             
intimate with, he can make them his guides and masters."                    
  The Master said, "He who aims to be a man of complete virtue in           
his food does not seek to gratify his appetite, nor in his dwelling         
place does he seek the appliances of ease; he is earnest in what he is      
doing, and careful in his speech; he frequents the company of men of        
principle that he may be rectified:-such a person may be said indeed        
to love to learn."                                                          
  Tsze-kung said, "What do you pronounce concerning the poor man who        
yet does not flatter, and the rich man who is not proud?" The Master        
replied, "They will do; but they are not equal to him, who, though          
poor, is yet cheerful, and to him, who, though rich, loves the rules        
of propriety."                                                              
  Tsze-kung replied, "It is said in the Book of Poetry, 'As you cut         
and then file, as you carve and then polish.'-The meaning is the same,      
I apprehend, as that which you have just expressed."                        
  The Master said, "With one like Ts'ze, I can begin to talk about the      
odes. I told him one point, and he knew its proper sequence."               
  The Master said, "I will not be afflicted at men's not knowing me; I      
will be afflicted that I do not know men."                                  
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                              2                                             
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  The Master said, "He who exercises government by means of his virtue      
may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all      
the stars turn towards it."                                                 
  The Master said, "In the Book of Poetry are three hundred pieces,         
but the design of them all may be embraced in one sentence 'Having          
no depraved thoughts.'"                                                     
  The Master said, "If the people be led by laws, and uniformity            
sought to be given them by punishments, they will try to avoid the          
punishment, but have no sense of shame.                                     
  "If they be led by virtue, and uniformity sought to be given them by      
the rules of propriety, they will have the sense of shame, and              
moreover will become good."                                                 
  The Master said, "At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning.             
  "At thirty, I stood firm.                                                 
  "At forty, I had no doubts.                                               
  "At fifty, I knew the decrees of Heaven.                                  
  "At sixty, my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth.       
  "At seventy, I could follow what my heart desired, without                
transgressing what was right."                                              
  Mang I asked what filial piety was. The Master said, "It is not           
being disobedient."                                                         
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