Osprey - Fortress 018 - Norman Stone Castles (2) Europe 950-1204.pdf - Osprey Fortress - dziama1000

Fortress

OSPREY

PUBLISHING

Norman Stone Castles (2)

Europe 950-1204

Christopher Gravett • Illustrated by Adam Hook

CHRISTOPHER GRAVETT is

a former Senior Curator at

the Royal Armouries, Tower

of London, and a recognised

authority on the arms, armour

and warfare of the medieval

world. He has worked as an

advisor for numerous TV

and filmproductions, and has

written many books for Osprey,

including Warrior I: Norman

Knight 950-1204 AD. He

currently works as a curator at

Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire.

ADAM HOOK studied graphic

design, and began his work

as an illustrator in 1983.

He specialises in detailed

historical reconstructions,

and has illustrated Osprey

titles on the Aztecs, the Greeks,

the American Civil War

and the American Revolution.

His work features in exhibitions

and publications throughout

the world.

Fortress • I 8

OSPREY

PUBLISHING

Norman Stone Castles (2)

Europe 950-1204

Christopher Gravett • Illustrated by Adam Hook

Series editors Marcus Cowper and Nikolai Bogdanovic

First published in Great Britain in 2004 by Osprey Publishing,

Elms Court, Chapel Way, Botley, Oxford OX2 9LR United Kingdom.

Email: i nfo@ospreypublishing.com

Artist's note

Readers may care to note that the original paintings from which

the colour plates in this book were prepared are available for

private sale. All reproduction copyright whatsoever is retained

by the Publishers. All enquiries should be addressed to:

research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents

Act, 1988, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,

or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical,

optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission

of the copyright owner. Enquiries should be addressed to the Publishers.

Scorpio Gallery, PO Box 475, Hailsham, East Sussex, BN27 2SL, UK

The Publishers regret that they can enter into no correspondence

upon this matter.

ISBN I 84176 603 8

Dedication

Editorial: llios Publishing, Oxford, UK ( www.iliospublishing.com)

Cartography:The Map Studio

Design: Ken Vail Graphic Design, Cambridge, UK

Index and proofreading: Alison Worthington

Originated by The Electronic Page Company, Cwmbran, UK

Printed and bound by L-Rex Printing Company Ltd.

For Jane, without whom this would not have been possible.

Conversion table

Units of measurement are provided in metric in this volume.

1 centimetre (cm)

04 05 06 07 10987654321

0.3937 inches

1 metre (m)

1.0936 yards

A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

1 kilometre (km)

0.6214 miles

FOR A CATALOGUE OF ALL BOOKS PUBLISHED BY OSPREY MILITARY AND AVIATION

PLEASE CONTACT:

Osprey Direct USA, c/o MBI Publishing, PO Box I,

729 Prospect Ave, Osceola, Wl 54020, USA.

Email: i nfo@ospreydirectusa.com

Osprey Direct UK, PO Box 140, Wellingborough,

Northants, NN8 2FA, United Kingdom.

Email: i nfo@ospreydirect.co.uk

wvrw.ospreypublishing.com

Photographic credits

All photographs and line drawings are the author's own unless

otherwise indicated.

Glossary

Machicolation Battlement brought forward on corbels to

allow soldiers to command the base of a wall.

Merlon The solid section of a battlement.

Moat A ditch, either wet or dry.

Motte An earth mound.

Mural chamber A vaulted chamber formed in the

thickness of a wall.

Mural passage A vaulted passage formed in the thickness

of a wall.

Mural tower A tower set along a curtain wall.

Parapet The outer wall of a wall-walk.

Pilaster A shallow pier built against a wall to buttress it.

Portcullis A lattice made from wood clad in iron, or

occasionally in iron alone, dropped to block a gate.

Postern A small rear door.

Rampart An earthen bank.

Revetted The side of a ditch, bank or motte faced with

wood, stone or brick.

Ring-work A circular or oval earthwork with bank

and ditch.

Scarp The side of a ditch.

Shell keep A motte in which the timber palisade on the

summit is replaced by a stone wall.

Spur A solid, pointed stone reinforcement at the base of a

tower; also, a finger of high ground.

Vault A curved ceiling of stone.

Vice A spiral stair.

Wing-wall A wall descending the slope of a motte.

A brief glossary of key terms is provided below. For a full listing,

see Fortress. 13: Norman Stone Castles (I) The British Isles

1066-1216.

Ashlar Smooth, flat masonry blocks.

Bailey A courtyard.

Barbican An outwork that protects a gate.

Batter The base of a wall thickened with a sloping front.

Belfry A wooden tower, often mobile, used either to

overlook a wall or to transfer troops on to it.

Berm The space between a wall and ditch.

Brattice Wooden hoarding built out from a battlement to

command the base of a wall.

Buttress Stone support built against a wall to reinforce it.

Corbel A supporting stone bracket.

Counterscarp The outer slope of a ditch.

Crenel The open section of a battlement.

Crenellation Battlement.

Cross-vault A vault in which two barrel vaults intersect.

Curtain A length of wall surrounding a castle enclosure.

Donjon A great tower or keep, but it can also mean an

upper bailey or lord's private area.

Embrasure An internal opening in a wall, sometimes for the

use of archers.

Enceinte The area enclosed by the castle walls.

Loop A narrow opening in a wall that splays out internally,

designed either to admit light or for shooting through.

Contents

Introduction

Chronology

Normandy • Southern Italy and Sicily

Design and development

Normandy • Southern Italy • Sicily • The costs of construction

Tour of a castle: Chateau-Gaillard

The principles of defence

Life in a Norman castle

The castles at war

Normandy • Southern Italy and Sicily

The fate of the castles

Visiting the castles today

Normandy • Southern Italy • Sicily

Bibliography

Index

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