addition.txt.pdf

ADDITION

proffer offer

purlieu outskirt

documentary N.ADJ.

spleen N.

usher sbwhoshowspeopletotheirseats;V:bringby

showingtheway

stagger (ofablow,shock)causetomoveunsteadily;(of

news)shockdeeply

epic (ofstories,events)fullofbraveactionandexcite-

ment

wilderness areaoflandwithlittlenaturallife,esp.

desert;desolateexpanse;Ex.awildernessofwaters

lout roughrudeman;CF.loot

detour wayroundsomething

intent (oflooks)eager;showingeagerattention;intent

ondoingsth:havingadeterminedintention

station put(sb,oneself,amilitaryforce)atacertain

place;Ex.stationoneselfamongthebushes

stationery writingmaterials(paper,pen,etc.);N.sta-

tioner

checkmate (inchess)positionofakingattheendofa

game(escape impossible);completedefeat

stalemate situationinwhichneithersideinaquarrel

cangetanadvantage;deadlock;Ex.Thediscussions

endedinastalemate.

acionado fan;devotee;Ex.acinemaacionado

access torsuddenattack(asofangeroradisease)

rude startling;Ex.getarudeshock/awakening

acquisitive eagertogetandkeepasone’sown

arrogate attributeunjustly;arrogatesthtooneself:take

withoutright

asserverate assertsolemnly; éß

waterdown addwaterto;weaken

assorted ofvarioussorts; Q7áxÓ_ ;matched;Ex.as-

sortedcollection;Ex.ill-assortedcouple

assort classifyintodifferentsorts;assortwith:match;

agree

avouch vouch;guarantee

adduce give(anexample,proof,explanation)

adieu goodbye

abscess 7áxl ;swellingonthebodywherepushasgath-

ered

accountable responsible(expectedtogiveanexplana-

tion)

administer manage;putintooperation;carryout;cause

totake(drugorofcialpromise);Ex.administerthe

law/baptism/punishment

trafc (movementof)peopleandvehicles;illicittrading

contemplate lookat; 6£xr ; d¸nq¦ ;Ex.She

stoodcontemplatinghergureonthemirror.

concourse placewherecrowdscometogether; Fg© ;

comingtogether

couturier ( z ) ªF

appoint ( rçß1px`¦ )x;decide( 5Åq );N.appoint-

ment:appointing;( rçß/ôÇ ) 5Åq ;position; t0A ;Ex.

agoodappointmentinabusiness

low-key low-keyed; %3j)a ;restrainedinstyle; ¸6 xôÇ ;

Ex.low-keyspeech

sweeping lackingdetails;toogeneral;extensive;in-

cludingmanyparts;Ex.sweepingstatement/plans

desistfrom notdoanymore

delectable verypleasant;N.delectation

deprecatory apologetic;tryingtopreventdisapproval;

expressingdisapproval;deprecating

lean 3lus û¶ ;producinglittle;barren;Ex. lean

year/land

depilate _O`¦i(v ;CF.depilatory:(substance)thatgets

ridofunwantedhair

desuetude 8s©¼s t·ú§H©I

disrepair stateofneedingrepair; <H)a©I

repair ºo)a©I ;Ex.ingoodrepair/inabadstateof

repair

disarm º©K j ;reducethesizeofarmedforces;

( _ëH , &h_\¦ ) ºªQ¼o (throughfriendliness);

ADJ.disarming;N.disarmament

dishabille stateofnegligentlydressed

dissipated (ofaperson)giventofoolishandharmful

pleasures

dissipate scatter;wastetimeormoneyfoolishly;squan-

der

emblazon decorate(ashieldorag)withheraldicde-

vices

blazon coatofarms;setofpatternsorpicturesusedby

anoblefamily,university,etc.astheirspecialsign

empyrean thehighestheaven;ADJ:heavenly;celestial

radical advancedinopinion;oftheroot;fundamental;

N: /åLÒ_

cite quote;(bravery 1px /K f )commend;summon

(beforeacourtoflaw);giveasummonsto

citation (bravery 1px )person’squality 'aôÇëHf ;quo-

tation;summoning

litter [þt¯ ;stretcher;oddsandends; ìÔQ¸ú1lxm ;

V:coveruntidilywithscatteredlitter

deem consider;judge;Ex.Wewoulddeemitanhonor.

mortal whichmustdie;causingdeath;fatal;lastingun-

tildeath;Ex.mortalwound/combat/hatred;N:human

being;N.mortality:stateofbeingmortal;rate/number

ofdeath

tip lÖ¦s ;tilt;( lÖ¦f )empty; Qo ;Ex.Norub-

bishtobetippedhere

vile disgusting;bad;nasty

congested toofull;overcrowded;havinganabnormal

accumulationofblood

raise Ex.raisemoney/soldiers/ababy

indemnity protectionagainstlossordamageesp.inthe

formofapromisetopay;paymentforlossordamage

outofthequestion impossible

outofquestion beyondquestion;certain

ignoble dishonorable;shameful;oflowbirth;notnoble;

Ex.ignobleaction/deed

pretext falsereason(foranaction)(tohidetherealone)

puberty stageatwhichapersonbecomesphysically

abletobecomeaparent

descend godown;descendon/upon:attack/visit(sud-

denly,inalargenumber);descendto(dishonorablebe-

havior):loweroneselfto;Ex.Hedescendedtoabusing

mepersonally.

descent goingdown;visit/attack;familyorigin

procurator agent,espwhohasapowerofattorney; /

o ; ZO&ñ/o

proclaim makeknownpublicly;showclearly;Ex.The

ringingbellsproclaimedthebirthoftheprince;Ex.His

accentproclaimedthathewasaScot.

tally recordofthingsdone,pointsmadeinagame,

etc.V:beexactlyequal;match;count,calculate(points

won);Ex.Thetwolistsdon’ttally.

purview rangeofoperation,one’sconcern,knowledge;

scope

prognathous havingajawthatsticksout

prospectus printedstatementdescribingtheadvan-

tagesofacollegeoranewbusiness

respondent personwhohastoanswerinalawcourt;

( sD¥è5Åxf_ ) x ¦

corespondent personchargedwithadultery

recondition repair

panic suddenuncontrollableterror.CF. oFz¤`¦:_

|ÃÐ

received generallyacceptedasstandard;Ex.received

pronunciation

pugnacious quarrelsome

inconsequent notfollowingnaturallywhathasbeen

saidordonebefore;illogical

inconsequential inconsequent;notimportant

inimical ( ©S!1pxs )hostile;unfavorable;harmful;Ex.

conditionsinimicaltoeconomicdevelopment

rector clergyman; §¨3lq

immure imprison;conne;shutoneselfup

integument outercovering(suchasashell,theskinof

afruit)

make goodsucceed;prosper; $í/BNr v ;accomplish;

compensatefor;Ex. %3ëß©)aëH¼1Ïs ;Ex.make

goodone’sescape;Ex.makegoodalossorthreat

interdict prohibit;forbid

interlocutor persontakingpartinadialogue

interstice smallspaceorcrackbetweenthingsplaced

closetogether

malpractice (ofdoctororlawyer)failuretocarryout

one’sprofessionaldutyproperlyorhonestly

feat somethingdifcultwelldone

contract get(sthbad,anillness);Ex.contractacold/a

debt/abadhabit

grievous u"î&h ;causinggrief;Ex.agrievouswound

capitation ºj ;taxpaidatthesameamountforeach

person

ngerpoint pointthengerat;accuse;blame

remand sendbackinprisonfromacourtoflaw(tobe

triedlater); F ¨5Åq ;Ex.remandedintothecustody

rapprochement 2;§r4¤ ;comingtogetheragainin

friendship

recusant (sb)refusingtoobeyofcialrules/ofcialreli-

giousbeliefs

recrudescence Fµ1Ï ; F ;suddenreappearance,esp.of

somethingunpleasant

obtrude stickout;obtrudesthonsb:pushforward

whenunwanted; y©¹ ;ADJ.obtrusive:unpleas-

antlynoticeable;Ex.obtrusivesmells/music

oblation religiousoffering;offeringmadetoagod

offertory (thecollectionof)themoneypeoplegivedur-

ingareligiousservice

obverse frontsideofacoin;theopposite;OP.reverse

boisterous (ofaperson)noisyandcheerful; (of

weather)wildandrough

parole prisoner’ssolemnpromisethathewillnottryto

escape; ªê_ lettingoutofsb; $3~½Ó

paregoric :xj ;ADJ. :x_ ( ¦:x`¦×¦sH )

pilgrimage journeyofapilgrim

persiage lightgood-naturedtalk;banter

portentous pompous;self-important;ominous;threat-

ening

cautionary conveyingcautionoradvice; Ò_ , â¦\¦Ò

H ;Ex.cautionarytales

mature carefulEx.matureplan

mellow ripe;( '1lx , $ís ) s [þtQ"é¶¸nqôÇ ;wise

suppurate (ofawound)formorgiveoutpus

bail 7áxl

supervene happenunexpectedly,esp. inawaythat

stopsorinterruptsaneventorsituation;comeorhap-

penasachangeorinterruption

supernal heavenly

envisage envision;forminmind

meridian ¸ ;highestpointreachedbythesun; z

×æ&h ;highestpoint

amenity pleasantness;Ex.theamenityoftheclimate

agitation anxiety;publicargumentordebate;Ex.along

agitationagainstthedepartmentstore

nerve courage,strength,energy;Ex.havethenerveto

dosth;V:givecourageto;CF.enervate

nervous vigorous

lucubrate writeorstudylaboriously;CF.workbylamp-

light

lubricious showingtoogreataninterestinsex(inan

unpleasantway)

miscegenation mixtureofraces,productionofoff-

spring

spoliation violentspoilingordestruction

armistice cease-re;truce

alacrity cheerfulpromptness

fealty loyalty

vassal personwhopromisedtobeloyaltoalordand

aregivenlandbythelord

falsehood lie

tenable (belief,argument,theory,fortress,etc.)thatcan

besuccessfullydefended;reasonable;(ofanofce)that

canbeheldbysomeoneforastatedperiodoftime;OP.

untenable

genial good-tempered

radiant sendingoutlightorheatinalldirections;shin-

ing;(ofaperson)showingloveandhappiness;Ex.radi-

antsun/face

ecumenical supportingagreementinbeliefsbetween

thedifferentbranchesoftheChristianreligion

solicitous anxiousorconcernedwithsbother’swelfare;

eagertohelpsomeone;Ex.solicitousforyourwelfare;

Ex.asolicitousemployer;CF. Ér|ÃÐ/K f&ñ

K ÒH¯s l:r_p

laborious needinggreateffort;showinggreateffort

grace nequalityinmovement;willingnesstobehave

inafairway( pîß J CÙþ¡`¦:a%~>~ÃÎ[þtsH

I ¸1px`¦_p );delayallowedasafavor;prayerbefore

oraftermeals;Ex.havethegracetoadmitthatIwas

right;Ex.giveyouaweek’sgrace;ADJ.graceful;CF.

gracious:politeinagenerousway

fraction ìrº ;verysmallamount

fractional sosmall; è|¾Ó_ ;Ex.Thedifferenceisonly

fractional.

fracture breaking(ofabone,pipe-line);V.

fractious (ofachild,oldorsickperson)complaining

aboutsmallthings;bad-tempered;irritable

sententious (derog.)havinganairofwisdom(about

properbehaviorormorality); &³"îôÇ H ;tersein

expression;pithy

populous thicklypopulated

perch branchorrodwhereabirdrests;V:(ofabird)

cometorestonathinobjectsuchasabranch

croak makeadeeplownoisesuchasafrogmakes

proctor personappointedtomakesurestudentsdonot

cheatinanexamination

proteer (derog.)personwhomakesunfairlylarge

prots( ¨l Q9îrÓüt|`¦B ºqøß°ú¯¼1Ïf )

levy imposeandcollect;Ex.levyatax/ne/ransomon

sb;Ex.levyanarmy/troops;OP.rescind

indeterminate notclearlyxed

denite clearlystatedorknown;Ex.deniteanswer

denitely clearly

denitive conclusive;nal;withouttheneedofchange;

authoritative;reliable;Ex.denitiveoffer/editionof

sb’spoverty

indenite notclear;notxed(astotime)

accessible easytoreach;(ofsb)easytospeakto;(of

something)easytounderstand;Ex.amanageraccessi-

bletohisstaff;Ex.informationwhichismoreaccessible

sampler decorativepieceofclothwithvariousdesigns

stitchedonit

posse groupofmengatheredtogetherbyasheriffto

helpndacriminalorkeephelp

guzzle drinkcontinuously

carp ndfaultandcomplainunnecessarilyandcontin-

uously

dumbbell §î

duel prearrangedformalcombatbetweentwopersons

(usu.foughttosettleapointofhonor)

spar boxforpractice

crusade anyof zçH"é¶&ñ

shifty untrustworthy;lookingdishonest

furtive donesecretlysoasnottoattractattention;hav-

ingawishtoescapenotice;Ex.furtiveglance

infatuated lledwithafoolishlove;foolish;CF.fatuous

emulate trytodoaswellasorbetterthan

syncopate changetherhythmof;displacethenormal

beats

shuck husk;pod;outercovering(asofoyster)

fume strong-smellingsmoke,gas,orvapor

fumigate disinfectbymeansoffumes;clearofdisease,

bacteria,orharmfulinsectsbymeansofchemicalsmoke

orgas

ippant notshowingdeservedrespect;notserious

cephalous connectedwiththehead

arrant (sborsthbad)inthehighestdegree;verybad

plangent (ofsounds)resounding

sacerdotal ofapriest

sapient wise

splenetic bad-tempered;irritable

stertorous makingaloudsnoringsound

vertiginous causingorsufferingfromvertigo

votary regularworshiper

futile (ofanaction)withoutresult;havingnoeffect;un-

successful;useless;Ex. d¦2; key Ð door \¦ unlock 9

H¯

abdicate giveup(anofcialposition,esp.ofthatofa

kingorqueen);giveup(right,claim,responsibility);Ex.

Thekingabdicated(thethrone).CF. ÒQ |ÃÐs 9

vt _âºH throne °ú Ér¯s3lq&hQ)a .

expel dismissofciallyfromaschool,club,etc.Ex.The

boywasexpelledfromschool.

odometer mileometer;instrument(inacar,etc.) to

recordthenumberofmilesittravels

debrief question,examine(eg.personswhohavere-

turnedfromamission)toobtaininformation;Ex.We

debriefedourpilotafterhehadownfrom

bulletin shortnoticeornewsreportintendedtobe

madepublicwithoutdelay

allergy conditionofbeingunusuallysensitivetosome-

thing;ADJ.allergic

well-intentioned _¸Ha%~Ér ; actingwithkind,

friendlyintentions(oftenunfortunateresults);aimedat

goodresults(usu.unsuccessful)

minnow verysmallsh; 5Åxo ?;g:unimportant

ones

lope (ofananimal)moveeasilyandquitefast;gallop

slowly

drawl speakorsayslowly(withvowelsgreatlylength-

ened)

scandal publicfeelingthatsthisimproperorshock-

ing;sththatcausesthisfeeling;trueorfalsetalkwhich

damagessb’sreputation;CF.scandalmonger:sbwho

spreadsscandals

scandalous shocking;offensivetothefeeling

trade skilledjobinwhichyouuseyourhands

profession doctor lawyer °ú s specialtraining/good

education `¦9¹ÐH job

vocation teaching s nursing °ú s specialtraining s

9¹¦ ‘tohelpothers’ 3lq&h job

career jobthatyouhopetodoallyourlifewithmore

andmoresuccess

triumph completevictoryorsuccess;V:gainvictoryor

success;Ex.triumphover

delimit xthelimitsof;Ex.delimitthepowersofvari-

ousofcials

espy seesuddenly(usu.unexpectedly)

leer unpleasantsmilesuggestingcruelty,thoughtsof

sex,etc.

roe ¦l·ú

sideshow separatesmallshowatafairorcircus;less

interesting/seriousactivity

perplex makeconfused;Ex.perplexingproblem

portfolio <H~½Ó

labored showingsignsofeffortanddifculty

tuber eshlyswollenundergroundstem(suchasthe

potato)

cob corncob; 6¤ºº5Åq

gimmick objectwhichisusedonlytoattractpeople’s

attention;Ex. Õþðt_ prettygirl

lathe ìøÍ (metal,wood \¦H )

hoist raise,lift,orpullup(aagorsthheavy)esp.using

ropes;N:apparatusforhoisting

surcharge amountchargedinadditiontotheusual

amount;Ex.letter fewstamps ·¡âº surcharge

shortfall Ò7á¤Óo ;Ex.shortfallofabout1milliondollars

outofphase,inphase synchronous, non-

synchronous _h¥Æ

polish polished;(ofmanners)renedandgraceful;N.

V.OP.gauche:awkwardorclumsyinsocialbehavior

redoubtable arousingrespectorfear

etch make(apattern)onasurfacewithacid;impressor

imprintclearly

burlesque ‘imitatemockingly’ H nonseriousspeech,

acting,orwriting;verse,play 1px_{97áxs

recant ( _ formerpoliticalorreligiousbeliefs \¦ )

saythatonedoesnolongerhold;OP.afrm

substantiate provethetruthof;OP.disprove

aggrieve grieve;(usu.passive);Ex.feelaggrieved:feel

thatonehasbeentreatedunjustly;behurtinone’sfeel-

ing

grieve causegriefto;feelgrief

grievous causinggrief;severe(ofawound,pain,etc.)

fabulous celebratedinafable;legendary;incredible;

wonderful

trailor %òoV¦¼#

ADDITION

adipose containinganimalfat;fatty

affray fray;ghtornoisyquarrelinapublicplace

avatar embodiment

casuistry (derog.) C ;falsebutcleveruseofargu-

mentsandreasoning;N.casuist

climacteric Ìqt¸l ;point inlifewhenimportant

changestakeplaceinthehumanbody

collier coalminer;personemployedtocutcoalina

mine;shipforcarryingcoal

corsair pirateorpirateships

crepuscular ofthetimewhendayischangingintonight

ornightintoday;notbright

debenture G ;ofcialpaperthatissoldbyacompany

andrepresentsadebtonwhichthecompanymustpay

thebuyeraxedrateofinterest

debit arecordinabookofaccountsofmoney;charge

againstabankaccount

dipsomania uncontrollabledesireforalcoholicdrinks

escutcheon ceremonialshieldwithcoatofarms; ëHs

·¡Ér~½ÓJ

otilla groupofsmallships,esp.warships

fusty (ofaroom,box,clothes,etc.)havinganunpleas-

antsmellasaresultofhavingbeenshutupforalong

time

hauteur haughtiness;CF.haughty

jejune (ofwritings)dry;uninteresting;unsatisfyingto

themind

junta government(esp.amilitaryone)thathascometo

powerbyforceratherthanthroughelections

lesion wound;Ex.brainlesion

lieu place;inlieu(of):instead(of)

logistics #îÃÐ<Æ ;studyorskillofmovingsoldiers,sup-

plingthemwithfood,etc.

m´elange mixture

minaret tallthintoweronamosque

tenbetweentwoaisles

nosegay smallbunchofowers(usu.tobecarriedor

wornonadress)

corsage smallbunchofowerswornbyawomanatthe

neckorwaist

orison prayer

orotund fullandstronginsound;CF.rotund

parricide killingone’sparentorcloserelative;person

guiltyofthiscrime

pediment three-sidedpieceofstoneplacedabovethe

entrancetoabuilding

picaresque tellingthestoryoftheadventuresofachar-

acterofwhomonedisapproves(butwhoisnotreally

wicked); ôÇ`¦èF ÐôÇ ;Ex.apicaresquenovel

poltroon coward

pommel roundedpartatthefrontofahorse’spaddle;

ball-shapedendofaswordhandle

proboscis longloseorlongtubelikepartofthemouth

purloin steal(esp.sthofsmallvalue)

rubicund (ofapersonorface)redandhealthy-looking;

Ex.arubicundfarmer

sarcophagus $3'a ;decoratedstoneboxforadeadbody

trumpery (ofanobject)decorativeorattractivebutof

verylittleuse

zoom (ofaircraft)moveupwardsathighspeed;cause

theobjectbeingphotographedtoappearnearerorfur-

ther;Ex.zoomin/out;N.

reticulated coveredwithanetlikepatternoflines;N.

reticulation:netlikepattern

scarify makesmallcutson(skin);breakupandloosen

thesurfaceof(aroadoreld)withapointedtool

coruscate sparkle;ash

agellate whip(asareligiouspunishmentorforsexual

pleasure)

laminate make(astrongmaterial)byjoiningmanythin

sheets;splitintolayers

serried pressedcloselytogether;crowded

sobriquet nickname

spume foam;lightwhiteair-lledmassonthetopofa

liquid

thrall slave;serf;slavery

threnody funeralsongforthedead

tocsin â7áx ;(bellrungas)awarningsignal

tortilla typeofthinroundatbread

trencherman personwhoeatsalot

troglodyte personwholivesinacave,esp.inprehis-

torictimes; a=

trope gurativeuseofaword;CF.gureofspeech:ex-

pression(eg.simileormetaphor)

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