Wrecks-Ecology.pdf

Wessex Archaeology

Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund

Marine Aggregates and the Historic Environment

Wrecks Ecology 2007-08

Final

Ref: 57456.02

June 2008

AGGREGATE LEVY SUSTAINABILITY FUND

MARINE AGGREGATES AND THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT

WRECKS ECOLOGY 2007-08

FINAL REPORT

Prepared for:

English Heritage

By:

Wessex Archaeology

Portway House

Old Sarum Park

Salisbury

SP4 6EB

Ref: 57456.02

June 2008

©Wessex Archaeology Limited 2008

Wessex Archaeology Limited is a Registered Charity No.287786

Aggregate Levy Sustainability Fund: Wreck Ecology 2007-08

Final Report –June 2008

AGGREGATE LEVY SUSTAINABILITY FUND

MARINE AGGREGATES AND THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT

WRECKS ECOLOGY 2007-08

Report

Ref: 57456.02

Acknowledgements

This report was commissioned by English Heritage (EH). The project was funded by

the Aggregate Levy Sustainability Fund distributed by English Heritage. The

assistance and information provided by English Heritage staff is gratefully

acknowledged.

Wessex Archaeology would also like to acknowledge the help and advice received

from the Project Steering Group: Kate Coles and Gerald Legg, and from Mark

Dunkley and Helen Keeley of English Heritage.

Wessex Archaeology would like to thank the wide range of individuals and

organisations, referenced in the body of the report, who responded to our request for

information, and provided feedback on the ideas presented in the report.

The project was undertaken, and the report written for Wessex Archaeology by Claire

Dalgleish of Marine Ecosystems. The figures were produced by Karen Nichols, and

the project managed for Wessex Archaeology by John Gribble.

Data Licences

Material derived from Seazone Solutions Ltd for background mapping is subject to

license and conditions on end users and third parties contained therein.

Aggregate Levy Sustainability Fund: Wreck Ecology 2007-08

Final Report –June 2008

AGGREGATE LEVY SUSTAINABILITY FUND

MARINE AGGREGATES AND THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT

WRECKS ECOLOGY 2007-08

Report

Ref: 57456.02

Contents

FIGURE 1 LOCATION OF WRECK SITES IN RELATION TO ADJACENT

AGGREGATE EXTRACTION AREAS............................................. IX

PLATE 1 EXAMPLE OF STILLS IMAGES COLLECTED FOR

ARCHAEOLOGICAL PURPOSES ( HOLLAND V 2005 DIVE 392X,

FRAME NO. 5009). .......................................................................... IX

Holland V : Main wreck structure, 2001 ................................................................ ix

PLATE 2A CONNING TOWER (WITH HORIZONTAL SURFACES ALSO

VISIBLE). COPYRIGHT OF INNES MCCARTNEY (PERISCOPE

PUBLISHING). ................................................................................. IX

PLATE 2B CONNING TOWER (WITH HORIZONTAL SURFACES ALSO

VISIBLE). COPYRIGHT OF INNES MCCARTNEY (PERISCOPE

PUBLISHING). ................................................................................. IX

PLATE 3 BOW CAP (WITH HORIZONTAL SURFACES ALSO VISIBLE).

PUBLISHING). ................................................................................. IX

PLATE 4 PROPELLER (SHOWING VERTICAL SURFACES).

PUBLISHING). ................................................................................. IX

PLATE 5 HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL SURFACES (ORIENTATION:

BOW CAP TO STERN). COPYRIGHT OF INNES MCCARTNEY

(PERISCOPE PUBLISHING). .......................................................... IX

Holland V : Main wreck structure, 2005 ................................................................ ix

PLATE 6A BOW CAP. ............................................................................... IX

PLATE 6B BOW CAP (SHOWING HORIZONTAL SURFACES). ............. IX

PLATE 7A CONNING TOWER (HORIZONTAL SURFACES)................... IX

PLATE 7B CONNING TOWER (VERTICAL SURFACES). ....................... IX

PLATE 8 EXHAUST SYSTEM HATCH (HORIZONTAL SURFACE). .... IX

PLATE 9 HOLE IN PRESSURE PORT SIDE HULL (VERTICAL

SURFACE). ...................................................................................... IX

PLATE 10 PROPELLER BLADE (VERTICAL SURFACE WITH

HORIZONTAL SURFACES ALSO VISIBLE). ................................. IX

PLATE 11 PROPELLER AND STERN (VERTICAL SURFACES)............ IX

iii

Aggregate Levy Sustainability Fund: Wreck Ecology 2007-08

Final Report –June 2008

Holland V : Surrounding seabed within immediate proximity to wreck, 2005 .. ix

PLATE 12 SEABED SUBSTRATES, STERN UPSTREAM. ..................... IX

PLATE 13 SEABED SUBSTRATES, BOW UPSTREAM.......................... IX

PLATE 14 SEABED SUBSTRATES, STERN UPSTREAM. ..................... IX

PLATE 15 SEABED SUBSTRATES, BOW UPSTREAM.......................... IX

Holland V : Seabed outwith influence of wreck, 2005 ......................................... ix

PLATE 16 SEABED SUBSTRATES AND BOULDER. ............................. IX

Holland V : Main wreck structure, 2007 ................................................................ ix

PLATE 17 BOW CAP (HORIZONTAL SURFACES VISIBLE).................. IX

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................1

Why study the benthic ecology of wrecks? - an ecological perspective .......... 1

Why study the benthic ecology of wrecks? – an archaeological perspective.. 2

An Integrated Approach ......................................................................................... 3

PROJECT AIMS.................................................................................3

PROJECT OBJECTIVES ...................................................................3

METHODS..........................................................................................4

4.2

S TAKEHOLDER E NGAGEMENT ................................................................4

Key considerations for each objective ................................................................. 5

4.3

L ITERATURE S EARCH AND R EVIEW ........................................................7

Library and online literature database resources................................................ 7

Websites consulted................................................................................................. 7

4.4

R EVIEW OF E XISTING W RECK D ATA .......................................................9

4.5

W RECK S ITE S ELECTION .......................................................................9

4.6

S ELECTION OF E XISTING D ATA FOR E COLOGICAL A SSESSMENT .............10

Sourcing/Collation of existing video and stills image data and associated

metadata................................................................................................................. 10

Review of data quality with respect to commenting on archaeological

techniques, and selecting a sub-set of data suitable for ecological

assessment ............................................................................................................ 10

4.7

E COLOGICAL R EVIEW OF D ATA AND C OMMENTING ON P REVAILING

E NVIRONMENTAL C ONDITIONS IN THE C ONTEXT OF W RECK S ITE

V ULNERABILITY . .................................................................................11

Review of species and habitats ........................................................................... 11

Assessment of prevailing environmental conditions using benthic species

and habitats ........................................................................................................... 12

Nature conservation value of wreck sites .......................................................... 12

RESULTS.........................................................................................13

5.1

S TAKEHOLDER E NGAGEMENT ..............................................................13

5.2

L ITERATURE S EARCH ..........................................................................13

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