Repair of Concrete in Highway Bridges [Pearson].pdf

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AG43text.p65
Repair of concrete in highway bridges – a
practical guide
Prepared for Quality Services, Civil Engineering, Highways
Agency and CSS Working Party for Highway Research
S Pearson (Derbyshire County Council) and R G Patel (TRL Limited)
Application Guide AG43
61039264.001.png
First Published 2002
ISSN 0968-4107
Copyright TRL Limited 2002.
This report has been produced by TRL Limited, under/as part of
a contract placed by the Highways Agency and CSS. Any views
expressed in it are not necessarily those of the Agency or the CSS.
TRL is committed to optimising energy efficiency, reducing
waste and promoting recycling and re-use. In support of these
environmental goals, this report has been printed on recycled
paper, comprising 100% post-consumer waste, manufactured
using a TCF (totally chlorine free) process.
ii
Members of the Working Group
Mr S Pearson
Derbyshire County Council (Chairman)
Mr N Burrows
Suffolk County Council
Mr J Chrimes
Cheshire County Council
Mr G Cole
Surrey County Council
Mr J Cuninghame
TRL Limited (part-time)
Mr N Loudon
Highways Agency
Mr B Mawson
Gwent Consultancy
Dr R Patel
TRL (Secretary)
Mr D Sharpe
Glasgow City Council
Prof. P Vassie
TRL Limited
Mr L Wellappili
Highways Agency (part-time)
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CONTENTS
Page
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1
1 INTRODUCTION
5
1.1 History of concrete with steel
5
1.2 Bridges – Design life
6
1.3 Durability/Service problems
6
1.4 Number of bridges/Repair costs
6
1.5 Modern trends in traffic flow/Load carrying capacity
7
1.6 Future developments
8
1.7 Objectives
8
2 CAUSES OF DETERIORATION OF CONCRETE BRIDGES 9
2.1 Reinforcement corrosion
9
2.2 Alkali silica reaction
10
2.3 Freeze-thaw attack
10
2.4 Sulfate attack
13
2.5 Plastic settlement and early thermal cracks
14
2.6 Factors affecting concrete deterioration
14
3 INSPECTION
17
4 INVESTIGATION
23
4.1 Overview of investigation
23
4.2 Non-destructive testing
24
4.3 Semi-destructive tests
25
4.4 Structural assessment
26
5 REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT
29
5.1 Introduction
29
5.2 Remedial techniques for structures vulnerable to
reinforcement corrosion
32
6 DECIDE THE COURSE OF ACTION
37
6.1 Selecting the best option
39
6.2 Management issues
41
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