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Beginning Python
From Novice to Professional,
Second Edition
■■■
Magnus Lie Hetland
Beginning Python: From Novice to Professional, Second Edition
Copyright © 2008 by Magnus Lie Hetland
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval
system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher.
ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-59059-982-2
ISBN-10 (pbk): 1-59059-982-9
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Contents at a Glance
About the Author
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii
About the Technical Reviewer
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxv
Preface
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii
Introduction
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix
■
CHAPTER 1
Instant Hacking: The Basics
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
■
CHAPTER 2
Lists and Tuples
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
■
CHAPTER 3
Working with Strings
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
■
CHAPTER 4
Dictionaries: When Indices Won’t Do
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
■
CHAPTER 5
Conditionals, Loops, and Some Other Statements
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
■
CHAPTER 6
Abstraction
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
■
CHAPTER 7
More Abstraction
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
■
CHAPTER 8
Exceptions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
■
CHAPTER 9
Magic Methods, Properties, and Iterators
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
■
CHAPTER 10
Batteries Included
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
■
CHAPTER 11
Files and Stuff
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
■
CHAPTER 12
Graphical User Interfaces
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
■
CHAPTER 13
Database Support
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
■
CHAPTER 14
Network Programming
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
■
CHAPTER 15
Python and the Web
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
■
CHAPTER 16
Testing, 1-2-3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
■
CHAPTER 17
Extending Python
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
■
CHAPTER 18
Packaging Your Programs
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
■
CHAPTER 19
Playful Programming
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
■
CHAPTER 20
Project 1: Instant Markup
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
■
CHAPTER 21
Project 2: Painting a Pretty Picture
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
■
CHAPTER 22
Project 3: XML for All Occasions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
■
CHAPTER 23
Project 4: In the News
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
iv
■
CHAPTER 24
Project 5: A Virtual Tea Party
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
■
CHAPTER 25
Project 6: Remote Editing with CGI
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
■
CHAPTER 26
Project 7: Your Own Bulletin Board
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
■
CHAPTER 27
Project 8: File Sharing with XML-RPC
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
■
CHAPTER 28
Project 9: File Sharing II—Now with GUI!
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
■
CHAPTER 29
Project 10: Do-It-Yourself Arcade Game
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547
■
APPENDIX A
The Short Version
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
■
APPENDIX B
Python Reference
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579
■
APPENDIX C
Online Resources
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595
■
APPENDIX D
Python 3.0
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
■
INDEX
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607
v
Contents
About the Author
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii
About the Technical Reviewer
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv
Preface
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii
Introduction
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix
■
CHAPTER 1
Instant Hacking: The Basics
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Installing Python
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Windows
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Linux and UNIX
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Macintosh
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Other Distributions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Keeping in Touch and Up-to-Date
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
The Interactive Interpreter
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Algo . . . What?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Numbers and Expressions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Large Integers
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Hexadecimals and Octals
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Variables
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Statements
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Getting Input from the User
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Functions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Modules
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
cmath and Complex Numbers
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Back to the __future__
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Saving and Executing Your Programs
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Running Your Python Scripts from a Command Prompt
. . . . . . . . . . 20
Making Your Scripts Behave Like Normal Programs
. . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Comments
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
vii
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