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,COPYRIGHT.5209 Page iv Thursday, October 18, 2001 4:31 PM
Unix in a Nutshell, Third Edition
by Arnold Robbins
Copyright © 1999, 1992, 1989 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
Published by O’Reilly & Associates, Inc., 101 Morris Street, Sebastopol, CA 95472.
Editors: Mike Loukides and Gigi Estabrook
Production Editor: Mary Anne Weeks Mayo
Printing History:
May 1989:
First Edition.
June 1992:
Second Edition.
August 1999:
Third Edition.
Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are
registered trademarks of O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. The association of the image of
a tarsier and the topic of Unix in a Nutshell is a trademark of O’Reilly & Associates,
Inc.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their
products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book,
and O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. was aware of a trademark claim, the designations
have been printed in caps or initial caps. UNIX is a trademark of X/Open Limited.
OPEN LOOK is a trademark of Unix System Laboratories. SunOS, Solaris, and
OpenWindow are trademarks of SunSoft. While every precaution has been taken in
the preparation of this book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or
omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained
herein.
ISBN: 1-56592-427-4
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,AUTHOR.COLO.5055 Page 3 Thursday, October 18, 2001 4:31 PM
About the Author
Arnold Robbins, an Atlanta native, is a professional programmer and technical
author. He is also a happy husband, the father of four very cute children, and an
amateur Talmudist (Babylonian and Jerusalem). Since late 1997, he and his family
have been living happily in Israel.
Arnold has been working with Unix systems since 1980, when he was introduced to
a PDP-11 running a version of Sixth Edition Unix. He has been a heavy awk user
since 1987, when he became involved with gawk , the GNU project’s version of awk .
As a member of the POSIX 1003.2 balloting group, he helped shape the POSIX stan-
dard for awk . He is currently the maintainer of gawk and its documentation. The
documentation is available from the Free Software Foundation ( http://www.gnu.org )
and has also been published by SSC ( http://www.ssc.com )as Effective AWK
Programming .
O’Reilly has been keeping him busy: he is coauthor of the second edition of sed &
awk , and coauthor of the sixth edition of Learning the vi Editor .
Colophon
Our look is the result of reader comments, our own experimentation, and feedback
from distribution channels. Distinctive covers complement our distinctive approach
to technical topics, breathing personality and life into potentially dry subjects.
The animal featured on the cover of Unix in a Nutshell is a tarsier, a nocturnal mam-
mal related to the lemur. Its generic name, Tarsius, is derived from the animal’s very
long ankle bone, the tarsus. The tarsier is a native of the East Indies jungles from
Sumatra to the Philippines and Sulawesi, where it lives in the trees, leaping from
branch to branch with extreme agility and speed.
A small animal, the tarsier’s body is only six inches long, followed by a ten-inch
tufted tail. It is covered in soft brown or grey silky fur, has a round face, and huge
eyes. Its arms and legs are long and slender, as are its digits, which are tipped with
rounded, fleshy pads to improve the tarsier’s grip on trees. Tarsiers are active only
at night, hiding during the day in tangles of vines or in the tops of tall trees. They
subsist mainly on insects, and though very curious animals, tend to be loners.
Mary Anne Weeks Mayo was the production editor and copyeditor for Unix in a Nut-
shell , Third Edition ; Ellie Maden, Ellie Cutler, and Jane Ellin provided quality control.
Maureen Dempsey, Colleen Gorman, and Kimo Carter provided production assis-
tance. Lenny Muellner provided SGML support. Seth Maislin wrote the index.
Edie Freedman designed the cover of this book, using a 19th-century engraving from
the Dover Pictorial Archive. The cover layout was produced by Kathleen Wilson with
Quark XPress 3.32 using the ITC Garamond font. Whenever possible, our books use
RepKover™, a durable and flexible lay-flat binding. If the page count exceeds Rep-
Kover’s limit, perfect binding is used.
The inside layout was designed by Alicia Cech, based on a series design by Nancy
Priest, and implemented in gtroff by Lenny Muellner. The text and heading fonts are
ITC Garamond Light and Garamond Book. This colophon was written by Michael
Kalantarian.
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To my wife, Miriam. May our dreams continue to come true.
To my children, Chana, Rivka, Nachum, and Malka.
18 October 2001 15:53
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