Lehey - The Complete FreeBSD 4e (O'Reilly, 2003).pdf

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TableofContents
Foreword ................................................................................................ xxv
Preface .................................................................................................. xxvii
The fourth edition ................................................................................................... xxvii
Conventions used in this book ............................................................................... xxviii
Describing the keyboard ........................................................................................... xxix
Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................... xxx
Book reviewers ........................................................................................................ xxxi
Howthis book was written...................................................................................... xxxii
1: Introduction ........................................................................................ 1
Howtouse this book ..................................................................................................... 2
FreeBSD features .......................................................................................................... 4
Licensing conditions ..................................................................................................... 6
Alittle history ............................................................................................................... 7
The end of the UNIX wars ............................................................................................. 9
Other free UNIX-likeoperating systems ...................................................................... 9
FreeBSD and Linux ..................................................................................................... 10
FreeBSD system documentation ................................................................................. 12
Reading online documentation ...................................................................................... 12
The online manual ....................................................................................................... 13
GNU info ................................................................................................................... 15
Other documentation on FreeBSD .............................................................................. 16
v
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vi
Table of Contents
The FreeBSD community ........................................................................................... 17
Mailing lists................................................................................................................. 17
Unsubscribing from the mailing lists ............................................................................. 19
User groups ................................................................................................................ 19
Reporting bugs ............................................................................................................ 19
The Berkeleydaemon .................................................................................................. 20
2: Before you install ......................................................................... 25
Using old hardware ..................................................................................................... 25
Device drivers ............................................................................................................. 27
PC Hardware ............................................................................................................... 27
Howthe system detects hardware ............................................................................... 29
Configuring ISA cards................................................................................................. 29
PCMCIA, PC Card and CardBus ................................................................................ 30
PC Card and CardBus cards ......................................................................................... 31
Universal Serial Bus.................................................................................................... 31
Disks ............................................................................................................................ 31
Disk data layout........................................................................................................... 33
PC BIOS and disks ...................................................................................................... 33
Disk partitioning ......................................................................................................... 34
Block and character devices ......................................................................................... 35
Making the file systems............................................................................................... 39
Disk size limitations .................................................................................................... 39
Display hardware ........................................................................................................ 40
The hardware ............................................................................................................... 41
The keyboard .............................................................................................................. 41
The mouse .................................................................................................................. 41
The display board and monitor ..................................................................................... 42
Laptop hardware ......................................................................................................... 42
Compaq/Digital Alpha machines ................................................................................ 42
The CD-ROM distribution .......................................................................................... 43
Installation CD-ROM ................................................................................................... 43
Live File System CD-ROM .......................................................................................... 46
CVS Repository CD-ROM ........................................................................................... 46
The Ports Collection CD-ROMs .................................................................................... 46
3: Quickinstallation ......................................................................... 47
Making things easy for yourself.................................................................................. 47
FreeBSD on a disk with free space ............................................................................. 48
FreeBSD shared with Microsoft.................................................................................. 49
Configuring XFree86 .................................................................................................. 50
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The Complete FreeBSD
vii
4: Shared OS installation ............................................................. 51
Separate disks.............................................................................................................. 51
Sharing a disk .............................................................................................................. 52
Sharing with Linux or another BSD............................................................................ 52
Repartitioning with FIPS............................................................................................. 52
Repartitioning—an example ......................................................................................... 54
5: Installing FreeBSD ...................................................................... 59
Installing on the Intel i386 architecture ...................................................................... 59
Booting to sysinstall .................................................................................................... 60
Kinds of installation .................................................................................................... 61
Setting installation options .......................................................................................... 62
Partitioning the disk .................................................................................................... 63
Shared partitions ......................................................................................................... 66
Defining file systems ................................................................................................... 67
What partitions? .......................................................................................................... 68
Howmuch swap space? ............................................................................................... 70
File systems on shared disks ......................................................................................... 75
Selecting distributions ................................................................................................. 75
Selecting the installation medium ............................................................................... 76
Performing the installation .......................................................................................... 77
Installing on an Alpha system ..................................................................................... 78
Upgrading an old version of FreeBSD........................................................................ 79
Howtouninstall FreeBSD .......................................................................................... 79
If things go wrong ....................................................................................................... 80
Problems with sysinstall ............................................................................................... 80
Problems with CD-ROM installation ............................................................................. 80
Can’tboot ................................................................................................................... 80
Incorrect boot installation ............................................................................................. 81
Geometry problems ..................................................................................................... 81
System hangs during boot ............................................................................................ 82
System boots, but doesn’trun correctly ......................................................................... 82
Root file system fills up ................................................................................................ 82
Panic .......................................................................................................................... 83
Fixing a broken installation .......................................................................................... 84
Alternative installation methods.................................................................................. 85
Preparing boot floppies ................................................................................................ 85
Booting from floppy .................................................................................................... 86
Installing via ftp .......................................................................................................... 86
Installing via ftp .......................................................................................................... 87
Installing via NFS ....................................................................................................... 88
Installing from a Microsoft partition .............................................................................. 88
Creating floppies for a floppyinstallation ....................................................................... 89
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Table of Contents
6: Post-installation configuration .......................................... 91
Installing additional software ...................................................................................... 92
Instant workstation ...................................................................................................... 93
Changing the default shell for root ................................................................................ 94
Adding users................................................................................................................ 94
Setting the root password ............................................................................................. 95
Time zone .................................................................................................................... 95
Network services ......................................................................................................... 97
Setting up network interfaces ........................................................................................ 98
Other network options ................................................................................................. 99
Startup preferences.................................................................................................... 100
Configuring the mouse .............................................................................................. 101
Configuring X............................................................................................................ 102
Desktop configuration ................................................................................................ 108
Additional X configuration ......................................................................................... 108
Rebooting the newsystem ......................................................................................... 109
7: The tools of the trade ............................................................. 111
Users and groups ....................................................................................................... 112
Gaining access........................................................................................................... 113
The KDE desktop ...................................................................................................... 116
The Desktop Menu .................................................................................................... 116
The fvwm2 windowmanager .................................................................................... 118
Starting fvwm2 ......................................................................................................... 119
Changing the X display ............................................................................................. 120
Selecting pixel depth .................................................................................................. 121
Getting a shell ........................................................................................................... 121
Shell basics ............................................................................................................... 122
Options .................................................................................................................... 122
Shell parameters ........................................................................................................ 123
Fields that can contain spaces ..................................................................................... 125
Files and file names ................................................................................................... 125
File names and extensions .......................................................................................... 126
Relative paths ............................................................................................................ 126
Globbing characters ................................................................................................... 126
Input and output ........................................................................................................ 127
Environment variables ............................................................................................... 128
Command line editing ................................................................................................ 131
Command history and other editing functions .............................................................. 133
Shell startup files ....................................................................................................... 135
Changing your shell ................................................................................................... 136
Differences from Microsoft....................................................................................... 138
Slashes: backward and forward ................................................................................... 138
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