Celko - Thinking in Sets - Auxiliary, Temporal and Virtual Tables in SQL (Elsevier, 2008).pdf
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JOE CELKO’S
THINKING IN SETS
Auxiliary, Temporal, and
Virtual Tables in SQL
Joe Celko
AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON
NEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGO
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Celko, Joe.
[Thinking in sets]
Joe Celko’s thinking in sets : auxiliary, temporal, and virtual tables in SQL
/ Joe Celko.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-12-374137-0 (alk. paper)
1. SQL (Computer program language) 2. Declarative programming. I. Title.
II. Title: Thinking in sets.
QA76.73.S67C463 2008
005.13—dc22 2007043898
For information on all Morgan Kaufmann publications, visit our Web site at
www.mkp.com or www.books.elsevier.com.
Printed in the United States
08 09 10 11 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Working together to grow
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To my god-niece, Olivia. When
we are nished with her board
books, we can start on SQL
manuals before bedtime!
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CONTENTS
Preface
xvii
1
SQL Is Declarative, Not Procedural
1
1.1
Different Programming Models
2
1.2
Different Data Models
4
1.2.1
Columns Are Not Fields
5
1.2.2
Rows Are Not Records
7
1.2.3
Tables Are Not Files
11
1.2.4
Relational Keys Are Not Record Locators
13
1.2.5
Kinds of Keys
15
1.2.6
Desirable Properties of Relational Keys
17
1.2.7
Unique But Not Invariant
18
1.3
Tables as Entities
19
1.4
Tables as Relationships
20
1.5
Statements Are Not Procedures
20
1.6
Molecular, Atomic, and Subatomic Data Elements
21
1.6.1
Table Splitting
21
1.6.2
Column Splitting
22
1.6.3
Temporal Splitting
24
1.6.4
Faking Non-1NF Data
24
1.6.5
Molecular Data Elements
25
1.6.6
Isomer Data Elements
26
1.6.7
Validating a Molecule
27
2
Hardware, Data Volume, and Maintaining Databases
29
2.1
Parallelism
30
2.2
Cheap Main Storage
31
2.3
Solid-State Disk
32
2.4
Cheaper Secondary and Tertiary Storage
32
2.5
The Data Changed
33
2.6
The Mindset Has Not Changed
33
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