Rhoades,Tanner - Medical Physiology 2e (Lippincott, 2003).pdf

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CONTENTS
PART I
CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY • 000
CHAPTER 1: Homeostasis and Cellular Signaling 000
Patricia J. Gallagher, Ph.D., and
George A. Tanner, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 2: The Cell Membrane, Membrane Transport, and the
Resting Membrane Potential 000
Stephen A. Kempson, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 3: The Action Potential, Synaptic Transmission, and
Maintenance of Nerve Function 000
Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 14: The Cardiac Pump 000
Thom W. Rooke, M.D., and
Harvey V. Sparks, Jr., M.D.
CHAPTER 15: The Systemic Circulation 000
Thom W. Rooke, M.D., and
Harvey V. Sparks, Jr., M.D.
CHAPTER 16: The Microcirculation and the
Lymphatic System 000
H. Glenn Bohlen, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 17: Special Circulations 000
H. Glenn Bohlen, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 18: Control Mechanisms in Circulatory Function 000
Thom W. Rooke, M.D., and
Harvey V. Sparks, Jr., M.D.
PART II
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY • 000
CHAPTER 4: Sensory Physiology 000
Richard A. Meiss, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 5: The Motor System 000
John C. Kincaid, M.D.
CHAPTER 6: The Autonomic Nervous System 000
John C. Kincaid, M.D.
CHAPTER 7: Integrative Functions of the Nervous System 000
Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D.
PART V
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY • 000
CHAPTER 19: Ventilation and the Mechanics of Breathing 000
Rodney A. Rhoades, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 20: Pulmonary Circulation and
Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio 000
Rodney A. Rhoades, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 21: Gas Transfer and Transport 000
Rodney A. Rhoades, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 22: The Control of Ventilation 000
Rodney A. Rhoades, Ph.D.
PART III
MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY • 000
CHAPTER 8: Contractile Properties of Muscle Cells 000
Richard A. Meiss, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 9: Skeletal Muscle and Smooth Muscle 000
Richard A. Meiss, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 10: Cardiac Muscle 000
Richard A. Meiss, Ph.D.
PART VI
RENAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BODY FLUIDS • 000
CHAPTER 23: Kidney Function 000
George A. Tanner, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 24 : The Regulation of Fluid and
Electrolyte Balance 000
George A. Tanner, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 25: Acid-Base Balance 000
George A. Tanner, Ph.D.
PART IV
BLOOD AND CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY • 000
CHAPTER 11: Blood Components, Immunity, and Hemostasis 000
Denis English, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 12: An Overview of the Circulation and
Hemodynamics 000
Thom W. Rooke, M.D., and
Harvey V. Sparks, Jr., M.D.
CHAPTER 13: The Electrical Activity of the Heart 000
Thom W. Rooke, M.D., and
Harvey V. Sparks, Jr., M.D.
PART VII
GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY • 000
CHAPTER 26: Neurogastroenterology and Gastrointestinal
Motility 000
Jackie D. Wood, Ph.D.
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Contents
CHAPTER 27: Gastrointestinal Secretion, Digestion, and
Absorption 000
Patrick Tso, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 28: The Physiology of the Liver 000
Patrick Tso, Ph.D., and James McGill, M.D.
CHAPTER 34: The Adrenal Gland 000
Robert V. Considine, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 35: The Endocrine Pancreas 000
Daniel E. Peavy, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 36: Endocrine Regulation of Calcium, Phosphate, and
Bone Metabolism 000
Daniel E. Peavy, Ph.D.
PART VIII
TEMPERATURE REGULATION AND
EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY • 000
CHAPTER 29: The Regulation of Body Temperature 000
C. Bruce Wenger, M.D., Ph.D.
CHAPTER 30: Exercise Physiology 000
Alon Harris, Ph.D., and Bruce E. Martin, Ph.D.
PART X
REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY • 000
CHAPTER 37: The Male Reproductive System 000
Paul F. Terranova, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 38: The Female Reproductive System 000
Paul F. Terranova, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 39: Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Fetal
Development 000
Paul F. Terranova, Ph.D.
PART IX
ENDOCRINE PHYSIOLOGY • 000
CHAPTER 31: Endocrine Control Mechanisms 000
Daniel E. Peavy, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 32: The Hypothalamus and the Pituitary Gland 000
Robert V. Considine, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 33: The Thyroid Gland 000
Robert V. Considine, Ph.D.
Appendix A: Answers to Review Questions 000
Appendix B: Common Abbreviations in Physiology 000
Normal Blood, Plasma, or Serum Values inside front cover
 
PREFACE
The goal of this second edition of Medical Physiology is to
provide a clear, accurate, and up-to-date introduction to
medical physiology for medical students and students in
the allied health sciences. Physiology, the study of normal
function, is key to understanding pathophysiology and
pharmacology and is essential to the everyday practice of
clinical medicine.
ogy. Special chapters on the blood and the liver are in-
cluded. Chapters on acid-base regulation, temperature reg-
ulation, and exercise discuss these complex, integrated
functions. The order of presentation of topics follows that
of most United States medical school courses in physiol-
ogy. After the first two chapters, the other chapters can be
read in any order, and some chapters may be skipped if the
subjects are taught in other courses (e.g., neurobiology or
biochemistry).
Material on pathophysiology is included throughout
the book. This not only reinforces fundamental physiolog-
ical principles but also demonstrates the relevance of phys-
iology to an understanding of numerous medically impor-
tant conditions.
Level. The level of the book is meant to be midway be-
tween an oversimplified review book and an encyclopedic
textbook of physiology. Each chapter is written by medical
school faculty members who have had many years of ex-
perience teaching physiology and who are experts in their
field. They have selected material that is important for
medical students to know and have presented this material
in a concise, uncomplicated, and understandable fashion.
We have purposely avoided discussion of research labora-
tory methods or historical material because most medical
students are too busy to be burdened by such information.
We have also avoided topics that are unsettled, recogniz-
ing that new research constantly provides fresh insights
and sometimes challenges old ideas.
Pedagogy. This second edition incorporates many fea-
tures that should aid the student in his or her study of phys-
iology:
• Chapter outline. The outline at the beginning of each
chapter gives a preview of the chapter and is a useful
study aid.
• Key concepts. Each chapter starts with a short list of
key concepts that the student should understand after
reading the chapter.
• Text. The text is easy to read, and topics are developed
logically. Difficult concepts are explained clearly, often
with the help of figures. Minutiae or esoteric topics are
avoided.
• Topic headings. Second-level topic headings are active
full-sentence statements. For example, instead of head-
ing a section “Homeostasis,” the heading is “Homeosta-
sis is the maintenance of steady states in the body by co-
ordinated physiological mechanisms.” In this way, the
key idea in a section is immediately obvious.
• Boldfacing. Key terms are boldfaced upon their first ap-
pearance in a chapter.
• Illustrations and tables. The figures have been selected
to illustrate important concepts. The illustrations often
show interrelationships between different variables or
components of a system. Many of the figures are flow
diagrams, so that students can appreciate the sequence
of events that follow when a factor changes. Tables of-
ten provide useful summaries of material explained in
more detail in the text.
• Clinical focus boxes. Each chapter contains one or two
clinical focus boxes that illustrate the relevance of the
physiology discussed in the chapter to an understand-
ing of medicine.
• Case studies. Each section concludes with a set of case
studies, one for each chapter, with questions and an-
swers. These case studies help to reinforce how an un-
Key Changes. Many changes have been instituted in
this second edition. All chapters were rewritten, in some
cases by new contributors, and most illustrations have
been redrawn. The new illustrations are clearer and make
better use of color. An effort has also been made to insti-
tute more conceptual illustrations, rather than including
more graphs and tables of data. These conceptual dia-
grams help students understand the general underpinnings
of physiology. Another key change is the book’s size: It is
more compact because of deletions of extraneous material
and shortening of some of the sections, most notably the
gastrointestinal physiology section. We also overhauled
many of the features in the book. Each chapter now con-
tains a list of key concepts. The clinical focus boxes have
been updated; they are more practical and less research-
oriented. Each chapter includes a case study, with ques-
tions and answers. All of the review questions at the end
of each chapter are now of the USMLE type. Lists of com-
mon abbreviations in physiology and of normal blood val-
ues have been added.
Content. This book begins with a discussion of basic
physiological concepts, such as homeostasis and cell sig-
naling, in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 covers the cell membrane,
membrane transport, and the cell membrane potential.
Most of the remaining chapters discuss the different organ
systems: nervous, muscle, cardiovascular, respiratory, re-
nal, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and reproductive physiol-
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vi
Preface
derstanding of physiology is important in dealing with
clinical conditions.
• Review questions and answers. Students can use the re-
view questions at the end of each chapter to test whether
they have mastered the material. These USMLE-type
questions should help students prepare for the Step 1
examination. Answers to the questions are provided at
the end of the book and include explanations as to why
the choices are correct or incorrect.
• Suggested readings. Each chapter provides a short list
of recent review articles, monographs, book chapters,
classic papers, or Web sites where students can obtain
additional information.
• Abbreviations and normal values. This second edition
includes a table of common abbreviations in physiology
and a table of normal blood, plasma, or serum values. All
abbreviations are defined when first used in the text, but
the table of abbreviations in the appendix serves as a use-
ful reminder of abbreviations commonly used in physi-
ology and medicine. Normal values for blood are also
embedded in the text, but the table on the inside of the
front cover provides a more complete and easily accessi-
ble reference.
• Index. A complete index allows the student to easily
look up material in the text.
Design. The design of this second edition has been com-
pletely overhauled. The new design makes navigating the
text easier. Likewise, the design highlights the pedagogical
features, making them easier to find and use.
We thank the contributors for their patience and for fol-
lowing directions so that we could achieve a textbook of
reasonably uniform style. Dr. James McGill was kind
enough to write the clinical focus boxes and case studies for
Chapters 26 and 27. We thank Marlene Brown for her sec-
retarial assistance, Betsy Dilernia for her critical editing of
each chapter, and Kathleen Scogna, our development edi-
tor, without whose encouragement and support this revised
edition would not have been possible.
Rodney A. Rhoades, Ph.D.
George A. Tanner, Ph.D.
 
CONTRIBUTORS
H. Glenn Bohlen, Ph.D.
Professor of Physiology and Biophysics
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, Indiana
Richard A. Meiss, Ph.D.
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and
Physiology and Biophysics
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, Indiana
Robert V. Considine, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Medicine and Physiology and Biophysics
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, Indiana
Daniel E. Peavy, Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Physiology and Biophysics
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, Indiana
Denis English, Ph.D.
Director, Bone Marrow Transplant Laboratory
Methodist Hospital of Indiana
Indianapolis, Indiana
Rodney A. Rhoades, Ph.D.
Professor and Chairman
Department of Physiology and Biophysics
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, Indiana
Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Anatomy/Neurobiology
University of Vermont College of Medicine
Burlington, Vermont
Thom W. Rooke, M.D.
Director, Vascular Medicine Section
Vascular Center
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
Patricia J. Gallagher, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Physiology
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, Indiana
Harvey V. Sparks, Jr., M.D.
University Distinguished Professor
Michigan State University
East Lansing, Michigan
Alon Harris, Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Ophthalmology and
Physiology and Biophysics
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, Indiana
George A. Tanner, Ph.D.
Professor of Physiology and Biophysics
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, Indiana
Stephen A. Kempson, Ph.D.
Professor of Physiology and Biophysics
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, Indiana
Paul F. Terranova, Ph.D.
Director, Center for Reproductive Sciences
University of Kansas Medical Center
Kansas City, Kansas
John C. Kincaid, M.D.
Associate Professor of Neurology and Physiology and Biophysics
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, Indiana
Patrick Tso, Ph.D.
Professor of Pathology
University of Cincinnati School of Medicine
Cincinnati, Ohio
Bruce E. Martin, Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Physiology
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, Indiana
C. Bruce Wenger, M.D., Ph.D.
Research Pharmacologist, Military Ergonomics Division
USARIEM
Natick, Massachusetts
James McGill, M.D.
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, Indiana
Jackie D. Wood, Ph.D.
Professor and Chairman, Department of Physiology
Ohio State University College of Medicine
Columbus, Ohio
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