Pragmatic.Programming.Erlang.Jul.2007.pdf

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The world is parallel.
If we want to write programs that behave as other objects behave in
the real world, then these programs will have a concurrent structure.
Use a language that was designed for writing concurrent applications,
and development becomes a lot easier.
Erlang programs model how we think and interact.
Joe Armstrong
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Programming Erlang
Software for a Concurrent World
Joe Armstrong
The Pragmatic Bookshelf
Raleigh, North Carolina Dallas, Texas
 
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their prod-
ucts are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and The
Pragmatic Programmers, LLC was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have
been printed in initial capital letters or in all capitals. The Pragmatic Starter Kit, The
Pragmatic Programmer, Pragmatic Programming, Pragmatic Bookshelf and the linking g
device are trademarks of The Pragmatic Programmers, LLC.
Every precaution was taken in the preparation of this book. However, the publisher
assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages that may result from
the use of information (including program listings) contained herein.
Our Pragmatic courses, workshops, and other products can help you and your team
create better software and have more fun. For more information, as well as the latest
Pragmatic titles, please visit us at
Copyright © 2007 armstrongonsoftware.
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmit-
ted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without the prior consent of the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America.
ISBN-10: 1-9343560-0-X
ISBN-13: 978-1-934356-00-5
Printed on acid-free paper with 50% recycled, 15% post-consumer content.
P1.1 printing, July, 2007
Version: 2007-7-17
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Contents
12
1.1
Road Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
1.2
Begin Again . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
1.3
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
18
2.1
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
2.2
Installing Erlang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
2.3
The Code in This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
2.4
Starting the Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
2.5
Simple Integer Arithmetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
2.6
Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
2.7
Floating-Point Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
2.8
Atoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33
2.9
Tuples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
2.10 Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
2.11 Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
2.12 Pattern Matching Again . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
43
3.1
Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43
3.2
Back to Shopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49
3.3
52
3.4
Funs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
52
3.5
Simple List Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58
3.6
List Comprehensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61
3.7
Arithmetic Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64
3.8
Guards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
3.9
Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
3.10 case and if Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
72
3.11 Building Lists in Natural Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
73
3.12 Accumulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
 

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