The_Book_of_Facts_C64_Number_3.pdf
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C64
The information in this booklet will give you an insight into the
powers of the Commodore. If you are a new computer owner you
should find the color computing section very interesting. The more
advanced user's will find the section on pokes and peeks very
informative. Most examples require no previous computer experience.
The function of this booklet is more of a reference guide, than a
tutorial. Every program sample has a complete description of how it
works. The contents within contains information on most of the
important functions ofthe Commodore computer. Most of the material
is written so that the user can start computing their very first day,
without spending hours reading hard to understand computer
manuals. There are tips that everyone can use in the everyday use of
their computer. An explanation of each example is included to make it
as clear as possible. Please refer to the index for help in finding the
information that interests you the most.
INDEX:
* GETTING STARTED
PAGE 2
* KEYBOARD COLORS
PAGE 3
* ASCII COLOR VALUES
PAGE 5
* POKEING COLOR
PAGE6
* PROGRAMS
PAGE7
* SOUND
PAGE 10
* DISK &TAPE FUNCTIONS
PAGE 12
* DISK DRIVE INSTRUCTIONS
PAGE 13
* DIRECTORY STRUCTURE
PAGE 14
* DISK COMMANDS
PAGE 15
* DOS ERROR MESSAGES
PAGE 18
* POKE & PEEK
PAGE 19
* BASIC KEYWORDS
PAGE23
* PROGRAMTROTECTION
PAGE26
* DISK PROTECTION
PAGE 28
* ASCII CHARACTER CODES
PAGE31
* SCREEN DISPLAYCODES
PAGE34
The following pages will take you step by step through some simple
program examples. Aftereach examplethere is an explanation of what
the program is doing. If you are new to computing, PLEASE DO NOT
OVER LOOK THIS PAGE.
GETTING STARTED: It is important that you read and understand the
following information as it will be used very frequently as you procede.
NEW - The NEW command is used to clear the computer memory of
any basic program currently in memory. The purpose is to start each
new program without the possibility of unwanted data from the
previous program in memory, from becoming part of the new program.
The NEWcommand should be used before typing in any any program.
CLEARING THE SCREEN - Holding the RUN/STOP key down and
then pressing the RESTORE key will clear the screen. This will not
destroy the program currently in memory, by typing the word LIST
your program will be displayed again. You will find that this technique
is useful when editing your programs. This procedure can be used to
clear the display before using the command NEW.
CURSOR KEYS-Thecursor keys are two keys on the lower right hand
side of the keyboard. These keys are marked with the letters CRSR,
and arrows pointing up/down on one and left/right on the other. The
key on the left will move the cursor down when pressed, and up when
used with the SHIFT key. The cursor key on the right will move the
cursor right when pressed, and left when used with theSHIFT key. It is
possible to move the cursor anywhere on the screen using these keys.
RETURN KEY - The RETURN key is used to enter data Into memory.
When you type in a command, such as the NEW command, the
computercannot respond until thecommand is entered by pressing the
RETURN key. All data is entered in this manner. After typing in a
program line, pressing the RETURN key will enter it into memory.
LINE NUMBERS - The computer has to read a sequential list of
numbers that precede each program line. Without line numbers it
would be impossible for the computer to follow the program. Line
numbers are not required if you wish to enter commands that are to be
executed immediately. NO line number can be higher than 63999.
KEYBOARDCOLORS
The Commodore computer has a total of sixteen colors. This section
will explain some uses for these colors. The examples shown can be
modified for your own programs or just for fun. There are three
different methodstoaccess color in a basic program. The first of these
methods, is direct keyboare input. Colors with values from 0 to 7 are
accessed by holding the CTRL key down and any number key from 1
through 8. To access the values from 8 to 15 hold down the Commo
dore key ( C=) and any number key from 1 through 8.
CHARTON KEYBOARD LOCATION OFCOLORS
CTRL
KEY
NUMBER
KEY
-Color
Screen will display
Ctrl
Ctrl
Ctrl
Ctrl
Ctrl
Ctrl
Ctrl
Ctrl
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-Black
- White
- Red
- Cyan
- Purple
- Green
. Blue
- Yellow
See Page 36.
COMM
KEY C=
NUMBER
KEY
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
- Color
Screen will display
O
Cf
C*
o
o
c--
c=
- Orange
- Brown
- Light Red
- Dark Grey
- Medium Grey
- Light Green
- Light Blue
- Light Grey
See Page 36.
Pleasetype in the program example below and run it. Between each
letter there is a space, insert any color using the chart above in thise
10 print "YOUR NAME" (press return key) then type the word
RUN (press return key>.
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