The_Book_of_Facts_C64_Number_3.pdf

C64

The information in this booklet will give you an insight into the

powers of the Commodore. If you are a new computer owner you

should find the color computing section very interesting. The more

advanced user's will find the section on pokes and peeks very

informative. Most examples require no previous computer experience.

The function of this booklet is more of a reference guide, than a

tutorial. Every program sample has a complete description of how it

works. The contents within contains information on most of the

important functions ofthe Commodore computer. Most of the material

is written so that the user can start computing their very first day,

without spending hours reading hard to understand computer

manuals. There are tips that everyone can use in the everyday use of

their computer. An explanation of each example is included to make it

as clear as possible. Please refer to the index for help in finding the

information that interests you the most.

INDEX:

* GETTING STARTED

PAGE 2

* KEYBOARD COLORS

PAGE 3

* ASCII COLOR VALUES

PAGE 5

* POKEING COLOR

PAGE6

* PROGRAMS

PAGE7

* SOUND

PAGE 10

* DISK &TAPE FUNCTIONS

PAGE 12

* DISK DRIVE INSTRUCTIONS

PAGE 13

* DIRECTORY STRUCTURE

PAGE 14

* DISK COMMANDS

PAGE 15

* DOS ERROR MESSAGES

PAGE 18

* POKE & PEEK

PAGE 19

* BASIC KEYWORDS

PAGE23

* PROGRAMTROTECTION

PAGE26

* DISK PROTECTION

PAGE 28

* ASCII CHARACTER CODES

PAGE31

* SCREEN DISPLAYCODES

PAGE34

The following pages will take you step by step through some simple

program examples. Aftereach examplethere is an explanation of what

the program is doing. If you are new to computing, PLEASE DO NOT

OVER LOOK THIS PAGE.

GETTING STARTED: It is important that you read and understand the

following information as it will be used very frequently as you procede.

NEW - The NEW command is used to clear the computer memory of

any basic program currently in memory. The purpose is to start each

new program without the possibility of unwanted data from the

previous program in memory, from becoming part of the new program.

The NEWcommand should be used before typing in any any program.

CLEARING THE SCREEN - Holding the RUN/STOP key down and

then pressing the RESTORE key will clear the screen. This will not

destroy the program currently in memory, by typing the word LIST

your program will be displayed again. You will find that this technique

is useful when editing your programs. This procedure can be used to

clear the display before using the command NEW.

CURSOR KEYS-Thecursor keys are two keys on the lower right hand

side of the keyboard. These keys are marked with the letters CRSR,

and arrows pointing up/down on one and left/right on the other. The

key on the left will move the cursor down when pressed, and up when

used with the SHIFT key. The cursor key on the right will move the

cursor right when pressed, and left when used with theSHIFT key. It is

possible to move the cursor anywhere on the screen using these keys.

RETURN KEY - The RETURN key is used to enter data Into memory.

When you type in a command, such as the NEW command, the

computercannot respond until thecommand is entered by pressing the

RETURN key. All data is entered in this manner. After typing in a

program line, pressing the RETURN key will enter it into memory.

LINE NUMBERS - The computer has to read a sequential list of

numbers that precede each program line. Without line numbers it

would be impossible for the computer to follow the program. Line

numbers are not required if you wish to enter commands that are to be

executed immediately. NO line number can be higher than 63999.

KEYBOARDCOLORS

The Commodore computer has a total of sixteen colors. This section

will explain some uses for these colors. The examples shown can be

modified for your own programs or just for fun. There are three

different methodstoaccess color in a basic program. The first of these

methods, is direct keyboare input. Colors with values from 0 to 7 are

accessed by holding the CTRL key down and any number key from 1

through 8. To access the values from 8 to 15 hold down the Commo

dore key ( C=) and any number key from 1 through 8.

CHARTON KEYBOARD LOCATION OFCOLORS

CTRL

KEY

NUMBER

KEY

-Color

Screen will display

Ctrl

-Black

- White

- Red

- Cyan

- Purple

- Green

. Blue

- Yellow

See Page 36.

COMM

KEY C=

NUMBER

KEY

- Color

Screen will display

c--

- Orange

- Brown

- Light Red

- Dark Grey

- Medium Grey

- Light Green

- Light Blue

- Light Grey

See Page 36.

Pleasetype in the program example below and run it. Between each

letter there is a space, insert any color using the chart above in thise

10 print "YOUR NAME" (press return key) then type the word

RUN (press return key>.

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