HANDBK1.PDF
(
4392 KB
)
Pobierz
1450.Part1
A
Observing
Handbook No. 1
Marine Surface
Weather Observations
T
Synoptic Code Symbols with Range of Values
BBXX
Ship Weather Repor t Indicator
BBXX
D....D
Radio call sign
Call Sign
YY
Day of the month
01-31
GG
Time of obser vation
00-23
i
w
Wind indicator
3, 4
L
a
L
a
L
a
Latitude
000-900
Q
c
Quadrant
1, 3, 5, 7
L
o
L
o
L
o
L
o
Longitude
0000-1800
i
R
Precipitation data indicator
4
i
x
Weather data indicator
1, 3
h
Cloud base height
0-9, /
VV
Visibility
90-99
N
Cloud cover
0-9, /
dd
Wind direction
00-36, 99
ff
Wind speed
00-99
fff
High Speed Wind
Knots (099- )
s
n
Sign of temperature
0, 1
TTT
Dr y bulb temperature
Celsius Degrees
T
d
T
d
T
d
Dew point temperature
Celsius Degrees
PPPP
Sea level pressure
Actual Hp or Mb
(omit 1 in thousandths)
a
3-hour pressure tendency
0-8
ppp
3-hour pressure change
Hp or Mb
ww
Present weather
00-99
W
1
Past weather (primar y)
0-9
W
2
Past weather (secondar y)
0-9
N
h
Lowest cloud cover
0-9, /
C
L
Low cloud type
0-9, /
C
M
Middle cloud type
0-9, /
C
H
High cloud type
0-9, /
D
s
Ship’s course
0-9
V
s
Ship’s average speed
0-9
S
s
Sign/type sea sur face temp.
0-7
T
W
T
W
T
W
Sea sur face temp.
Celsius Degrees
P
W
P
W
Sea period
Seconds
H
W
H
W
Sea height
Half Meters
d
W1
d
W1
Primar y swell direction
01-36, 99
d
W2
d
W2
Secondar y swell direction
01-36, 99, //
P
W1
P
W1
Primar y swell period
Seconds
H
W1
H
W1
Primar y swell height
Half Meters
P
W2
P
W2
Secondar y swell period
Seconds
H
W2
H
W2
Secondar y swell height
Half Meters
I
s
Ice accretion cause on ship
1-5
E
s
E
s
Ice accretion thickness on ship
Centimeters
R
s
Ice accretion rate on ship
0-4
S
w
Sign/type wet bulb temp.
0-7
T
b
T
b
T
b
Wet bulb temp.
Celsius Degrees
c
i
Sea ice concentration
0-9, /
S
i
Sea ice development
0-9, /
b
i
Ice of land origin
0-9, /
D
i
Ice edge bearing
0-9, /
z
i
Ice trend
0-9, /
T
National Weather Service
Observing Handbook No. 1
Marine Surface Weather Observations
August 1995
Revised April 1999
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Weather Service
Office Of Meteorology
Integrated Hydrometeorological Services Core
1325 East West Highway
Silver Spring, Md.
Preface
In writing this completely new edition of NWS observing Handbook
No. 1, it has been our intent to include as much useful information as
possible in the available space. The compact size and design, and
“field guide” format, should allow for easy handling and quick reference.
We hope this simplifies your work as weather observers, and makes it
easier to locate the information you need.
Weather has an almost magical hold on the mariner. Every change in the
weather at sea is noted with a sense of trepidation. Reporting weather
not only contributes to your safety, but adds to your basic knowledge of
seamanship. It is part of keeping a good lookout.
For every 100 observations on land, there is only about 1 observation at
sea. Without your participation in the Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS)
program, there would be vast marine areas without data, making weather
forecasting nearly impossible for these areas. The importance of ship
reports cannot be overstated. We thank ships officers for their fine work,
dedication, and committment.
Please follow the weather reporting schedule for ships as best you can
(0000, 0600, 1200, 1800 UTC from all areas; every 3-hours from the
Great Lakes, from within 200 miles of the United States and Canadian
coastlines, and from within 300 miles of named tropical storms or
hurricanes). For assistance, contact a Port Meteorological Officer
(PMO), who will come aboard your vessel and provide all the
information you need to observe, code, and transmit weather
(see page 1-3 through 1-6).
NWSOH No. 1
iii
August 1995
Table of Contents
iii
Preface
vii
Introduction
1-1
Chapter 1: Program Description
2-1
Chapter 2: Ship’s Synoptic Code and
Observing Methods
3-1
Chapter 3: Transmitting the Observation
4-1
Chapter 4: The Weatherwise Mariner
5-1
Glossary
A-1
Appendix A: Observing Forms and Supplies
B-1
Appendix B: Conversion Factors and
Equivalents
C-1
Appendix C: Interpretation of
Weather Map Symbols
D-1
Appendix D: Marine Warning and
Forecast Areas
NWSOH No. 1
v
August 1995
Plik z chomika:
matrobert2
Inne pliki z tego folderu:
Meteo(1).htm
(21 KB)
Wiatr przywodny.doc
(95 KB)
Samodzielne obliczanie gradientu barycznego z mapy pola ciśnienia.doc
(54 KB)
Pogody wewnÄ…trzmasowe1.doc
(112 KB)
Pogody wewnÄ…trzmasowe.interpretacja.doc
(117 KB)
Inne foldery tego chomika:
Angielski dla żeglarzy
Astronawigacja
Bosmanka
Chorwacja
Egzaminy - Testy
Zgłoś jeśli
naruszono regulamin