TM 31-210 - Improvised Munitions Handbook.PDF - Dokumenty - sebano79

TM 31-210 - Improvised Munitions Handbook - Cover

TM 31-210

Improvised Munitions Handbook

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TM 31-210 - Improvised Munitions Handbook - Contents

TM 31-210

Improvised Munitions Handbook

Contents

COVER

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

Section I

Explosives and Propellants (Including Igniters)

1 - Plastic Explosive Filler

2 - Potassium Nitrate

3 - Improvised Black Powder

4 - Nitric Acid

5 - Initiator for Dust Explosions

6 - Fertilizer Explosive

7 - Carbon Tet - Explosive

8 - Fertilizer AN-AL Explosive

9 - 'Red or White Powder' Propellant

10 - Nitric Acid/Nitrobenzene ('HELLHOFFITE') Explosive

11 - Optimized Process for Cellulose/Acid Explosives

12 - Methyl Nitrate Dynamite

13 - Urea Nitrate Explosive

14 - Preparation of Copper Sulfate (Pentahydrate)

15 - Reclamation of RDX From C-4

16 - TACC (Tetramminecopper (II) Chlorate

17 - HMTD

18 - Potassium or Sodium Nitrate and Litharge (Lead Monoxide)

19 - DDNP

20 - Preparation of Lead Picrate

21 - Preparation of Picric Acid From Aspirin

22 - Double Salts

23 - Sodium Chlorate

24 - Mercury Fulminate

25 - Sodium Chlorate and Sugar or Aluminum Explosive

Section II

Mines and Grenades

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TM 31-210 - Improvised Munitions Handbook - Contents

1 - Pipe Grenade

2 - Nail Grenade

3 - Wine Bottle Cone Charge

4 - Grenade-Tin Can Land Mine

5 - Mortar Scrap Mine

6 - Coke Bottle Shaped Charge

7 - Cylindrical Cavity Shaped Charge

9 - Funnel Shaped Charge

10 - Linear Shaped Charge

Section III

Small Arms Weapons and Ammunition

1 - Pipe Pistol For 9 mm Ammunition

2 - Shotgun (12 Gauge)

3 - Shotshell Dispersion Control

4 - Carbine (7.62 mm Standard Rifle Ammunition)

5 - Reusable Primer

6 - Pipe Pistol For .45 Caliber Ammunition

7 - Match Gun

8 - Rifle Cartridge

9 - Pipe Pistol For .38 Caliber Ammunition

10 - Pipe Pistol For .22 Caliber Ammunition Long or Short Cartridge

11 - Low Signature System

Section IV

Mortars and Rockets

1 - Recoilless Launcher

2 - Shotgun Grenade Launcher

3 - Grenade Launcher (57 mm Cardboard Container)

4 - Fire Bottle Launcher

5 - Grenade Launcher

6 - 60 mm Mortar Projectile Launcher

Section V

Incendiary Devices

1 - Chemical Fire Bottle

2 - Igniter from Book Matches

3 - Mechanically Initiated Fire Bottle

4 - Gelled Flame Fuels

4.1 - Gelled Flame Fuels - Lye Systems

4.2 - Gelled Flame Fuels - Lye-Alcohol Systems

4.3 - Gelled Flame Fuels - Soap-Alcohol Systems

4.4 - Gelled Flame Fuels - Egg Systems

4.5 - Gelled Flame Fuels - Latex Systems

4.6 - Gelled Flame Fuels - Wax Systems

4.7 - Gelled Flame Fuels - Animal Blood Systems

5 - Acid Delay Incendiary

6 - Improvised White Flare

7 - Improvised Iron Oxide

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TM 31-210 - Improvised Munitions Handbook - Contents

8 - Improvised Yellow Flare

9 - Improvised White Smoke Munition

10- Improvised Black Smoke Munition

Section VI

Fuses, Detonators, and Delay Mechanisms

1 - Electric Bulb Initiator

2 - Fuse Igniter from Book Matches

3 - Delay Igniter From Cigarette

4 - Watch Delay Timer

5 - No-Flash Fuse Igniter

6 - Dried Seed Timer

7 - Fuse Cords

8 - Clothespin Time Delay Switch

9 - Time Delay Grenade

10 - Can-Liquid Time Delay

11 - Short Term Time Delay For Grenade

12 - Long Term Time Delay For Grenade

13 - Detonator

Section VII

Miscellaneous

1 - Clothespin Switch

2 - Mousetrap Switch

3 - Flexible Plate Switch

4 - Metal Ball Switch

5 - Altimeter Switch

6 - Loop-Pull Switch

7 - Knife Switch

8 - Improvised Scale

9 -Rope Grenade Launching Technique

10 - Bicycle Generator Power Source

11 - Automobile Generator Power Source

12 - Improvised Battery (Short Lasting)

13 - Improvised Battery (2 Hour Duration)

14 - Armor Materials

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TM 31-210 - Improvised Munitions Handbook - Introduction

TM 31-210

Improvised Munitions Handbook

INTRODUCTION

1. Purpose and Scope

In Unconventional Warfare operations it may be impossible or unwise to use conventional military munitions as tools

in the conduct of certain missions. it may be necessary instead to fabricate the required munitions from locally

available or unassuming materials. The purpose of this Manual is to increase the potential of Special Forces and

guerrilla troops by describing in detail the manufacture of munitions from seemingly innocuous locally available

materials.

Manufactured, precision devices almost always will be more effective, more reliable, and easier to use than improvised

ones, but shelf items will just not be available for certain operations for security or logistical reasons. Therefore the

operator will have to rely on materials he can buy in a drug or paint store, find in a junk pile, or scrounge from

military stocks. Also, many of the ingredients and materials used in fabricating homemade items are so commonplace

or innocuous they can be carried without arousing suspicion. The completed item itself often is more easily concealed

or camouflaged. In addition, the field expedient item can be tailored for the intended target, thereby providing an

advantage over the standard item in flexibility and versatility.

The Manual contains simple explanations and illustrations to permit construction of the items by personnel not

normally familiar with making and handling munitions. These items were conceived in-house or, obtained from other

publications or personnel engaged in munitions or special warfare work. This Manual includes methods for fabricating

explosives, detonators, propellants, shaped charges, small arms, mortars, incendiaries, delays, switches, and similar

items from indigenous materials.

2. Safety and Reliability

Each item was evaluated both theoretically and experimentally to assure safety and reliability. A large number of items

were discarded because of inherent hazards or unreliable performance. Safety warnings are prominently inserted in the

procedures where they apply but it is emphasized that safety is a matter of attitude. It is a proven fact that men who are

alert, who think out a situation, and who take correct precautions have fewer accidents than the careless and

indifferent. It is important that work be planned and that instructions be followed to the letter; all work should be done

in a neat and orderly manner. In the manufacture explosives, detonators, propellants and incendiaries, equipment must

be kept clean and such energy concentrations as sparks, friction, impact, hot objects, flame, chemical reactions, and

excessive pressure should be avoided.

These items were found to be effective in most environments; however, samples should be made and tested remotely

prior to actual use of assure proper performance. Chemical items should be used as soon as possible after preparation

and kept free of moisture, dirt, and the above energy concentrations. Special care should be taken in any attempt at

substitution or use of items for purposes other than that specified or intended.

3. User Comments

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TM 31-210 - Improvised Munitions Handbook.PDF

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