IntroductionNOWY.doc

PROJECT BASED LEARNING

“How can one improve living and working conditions in a lecture hall?”

International Faculty of Engineering

Supervisor- Andrzej Zawadzki Ph.D.

Barbara Jach

Małgorzata Socha

Daria Pogorzelska

Artur Papierski

Micha l Masłowsk

CONTENTS:

1. Introduction

2. Organization

3. Inventory

4. Graphical analysis

5. Inspirations

6. Current heat balance

7. New heat balance

8. Visualizations

9. Full ventilation system

10. Estimation of costs

11. Conclusions

12. Appendix 1- team portfolio

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CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION

This report summarizes the results of Problem Based Learning project that was held during the fourth semester of Architecture Engineering program. It describes the problem, entitled: ,,How can one improve living and working conditions in a lecture hall?”.

Source of the problem lies in complaints of the faculty lecturers and students about the poor conditions of working in the classroom 4M14, located in a new building of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering. Because of the solar radiation on the southern elevation during late spring and summer ( May, June, July, September) and great numbers of people working there during the exams , climatic conditions in the lecture hall are deplorable. The temperature of ambient air is too high, there is not sufficient number of air changes and air is stagnant. Applied means, that is mechanical supply ventilation and window shutters are inadequate for ensuring thermal comfort and even basic conditions for mental work. After the first visit in the hall 4M14 it was noted that it was a relatively long but too low room and due to that fact the lack of comfort was even emphasized. There was also too little space between the tables to be able to move freely.

It was suggested by the teams’ supervisor Ph.D. Andrzej Zawadzki that we read the  following literature to improve our knowledge about the means to solve the PBL problem: ventilation system.

·        A. Pełech: Wentylacja i klimatyzacja - podstawy. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej, Wrocław, 2009.

·        H.-J. ULLRICH: Technika klimatyzacyjna – poradnik. IPPU MASTA, Gdańsk, 2001.

·        Articles database – Elsevier/ICM, http://vls.icm.edu.pl/ss.html.

·        2009 ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals.

·        2010 ASHRAE Handbook – Refrigeration (I-P Edition).

·        Shan. K. Wang, Handbook of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (2nd Edition), McGraw-Hill, 2001

It was also discussed what inspirations from local and global architecture we could derive from in this case and what influence the architecture itself would have on the project.

Our team is supposed to specify the essence of the problem, that means we are going to determine basic sources of heat gains in the lecture hall, and propose a solution to the problem. It would also be of great importance if we carried out a simplified analysis of the investment costs and operational solutions of proposed ventilation systems or air conditioning systems and selected automatic control systems, ventilation or air conditioning.

Summarizing all the information, our basic aim is to improve living and working conditions in the lecture hall by means of ventilation system or small architecture elements. We could also take into consideration other elements than the ventilation that influence the conditions in the lecture hall.

CHAPTER II - ORGANIZATION

This part of the report summarizes the organizational meeting that was held during the second week of our work. It discusses the importance of each member of the team and his/her function. The report emphasizes the direction we will follow during our project, our main aims and ambitions and describes the schedule of our work.

Firstly, it was extremely important for the proper working of the team to organize ourselves and assign proper functions to each member of it. To get to know each individual better we conducted Belbin's analysis with quite surprising outcomes
( appendix 1 – presentation of the members). It turned out that the most popular functions in the team are: teamworker ( Artur and Daria ), resource investigator ( Daria and Michał ) and implementer ( Gosia and Michał ) as well as also important: monitor evaluator
( Gosia ), plant ( Artur ), shaper ( Basia ) and specialist ( Basia ). Surprisingly, there is no leader and finisher in our team. Having done it, our team's advantages and disadvantages could be evaluated in a form of SWOT analysis ( appendix 1– presentation of the members )and it seems that our best side is teamwork, good organization and communication as well as original ideas, but we will have to consider indecisiveness and lack of completer/finisher as one of the main risks. Finally, it was agreed to distribute the functions among the team members. Basia with her leadership skills was chosen as a leader. Daria as a experienced organizer and listener was named a secretary and is responsible for noting down our ideas. Gosia will be a perfect time-keeper, since she has good judgement and good strategic thinking ability. As to Artur, he was chosen a main representative of our team and Michał will take care of graphic elaboration because of his artistic skills and imagination.

Secondly, it was crucial to create our identity not only by the creation of appropriate logo and mission statement ( appendix 1 – first page ), but also, and more importantly, by making our project unique and innovative. To do this, it was necessary to define the aims recognized ( appendix 1 – subject and purpose ) as well as to recognize the stakeholders and the influence of the project itself on them ( appendix 1 – subject and purpose ). Then, it was agreed that the best way to gain our own identity would be two-way solution presenting our ideas referring both to small architecture and mechanical ventilation. We also have to take care of the proper marketing of the idea itself and, hence, we would like to prepare interesting and characteristic final presentation.

Furthermore, for the project to be well-organized it was indispensable to define the stages of the work in details and to arrange them in the diagram ( appendix 1 – the management and documentation ) as well as to think over the schedule of the work and present it in a form of the table ( appendix 1 – the management and documentation ).

Finally, it was important to take into attention all the risks possible and try to prevent or minimalise them ( appendix 1 - presentation of the members ). To do this, the definition of the success of the project itself had to be considered and in conclusion it was decided that it would be achieving al the aims noted down.

To sum up, during the organizational meeting it was agreed that our main objective is solving the problem in two possible ways – assuming high and low cost of the works and fulfilling expectations of all the stakeholders, thanks to which we will gain our identity. We will follow the idea of small architecture application and full ventilation system, but, more importantly, we would focus on the practical side of the project and its costs.

CHAPTER III - INVENTORY

1.     Introduction.

The main goal of second part of our inventory was to check exact dimensions of the lecture hall and get familiar with some more detailed physical properties of walls and windows, in order to be able to perform further improvements of working conditions.
 

2.     Room’s dimensions.
 

Figure 3.1 Plan of the floor

The auditorium that is considered is the one marked on this plan as ‘Aud 104’. Room is about 17,6 m long, 5,9 m wide and 3,2 m high. Its surface area is about 104 m2 and its cubature is about 332 m3.
 

3.     Window’s dimensions.
 

The view of southern wall (with windows):

Figure 3.2 Elevation

There are six bays, which are 2,35 m wide and 1,77 m high, and each of them consists of six windows. Windows are placed 78 cm above the floor.
 

4.     Thermal transmittance of external wall.
 

In order to calculate thermal transmittance we have to know what are the layers of the external wall. Having layers and their thickness, we check thermal conductivity of each layer (it depends only on the material that is used). Necessary data for our calculations:
 

Table 3.1 Layers in the external wall

Now we can calculate thermal resistance R of external wall according to the formula:

(3.1)

where...