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P RESIDENTS

A Reference History

THE

P RESIDENTS

A Reference History

THE

P RESIDENTS

A Reference History

Third Edition

HENRY F. GRAFF, EDITOR

THE

The Presidents

Henry. F. Graff

Project Editor

Matthew May

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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA

The presidents : a reference history / Henry F. Graff, editor.— 3rd ed.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-684-31226-3 (hardcover)

1. Presidents—United States—History. 2. Presidents—United

States—Biography. 3. United States—Politics and government. I.

Graff, Henry F. (Henry Franklin), 1921-

E176.1

973’.09’9—dc21

2002001440

Printed in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Contents

Introduction to the Third Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

Introduction to the Second Edition . . . . . . . . . . vii

Introduction to the First Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

List of Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii

Color Plates:

Presidential Campaigns

The Social History of the Presidency

A History of the Presidency . . . . . . . . . . .xv

Henry F. Graff

The White House . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xliii

William Seale

George Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Jacob E. Cooke

John Adams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Charles W. Akers

Thomas Jefferson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Merrill D. Peterson

James Madison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

Ralph Ketcham

James Monroe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

Harr y Ammon

John Quincy Adams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

Edward Pessen

Andrew Jackson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101

Richard B. Latner

Martin Van Buren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125

James C. Curtis

William Henry Harrison and

John T y l e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139

Richard P. McCormick

James K. Polk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153

David M. Pletcher

Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore . . .171

Norman A. Graebner

Franklin Pierce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185

William W. Freehling

[ iii ]

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