Encyclopedia of Europe since 1945.pdf

Europe Since 1945

An Encyclopedia

Advisory Editors

Andrej Alimov

St. Petersburg State University, Russia

Günter Bischof

University of New Orleans

Daniele Conversi

Central European University, Budapest, Hungary

Henry Frendo

University of Malta

Eugenio Guccione

University of Palermo, Italy

Vilho Harle

University of Hameenlinna, Finland

Maria Nawojczyk

Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland

Europe Since 1945

An Encyclopedia

Volume I

A–J

Bernard A.Cook

Loyola University New Orleans

Editor

Garland Publishing, Inc.

New York & London

2001

Published in 2001 by

Garland Publishing, Inc.

29 West 35th Street

New York, NY 10001

Garland is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group

This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.

“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of

thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk”.

Production Editors: Jeanne Shu, Andrew Bailis

Copyeditor: Edward Cone

Project Management/Composition: Impressions Book and Journal Services, Madison, Wisconsin

Editorial Assistant: Dan Yacavone

Director of Development: Richard Steins

Publishing Director, Reference: Sylvia K.Miller

by any

electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying

and recording,

or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

ISBN 0-203-80171-7 Master e-book ISBN

ISBN 0-203-80174-1 (Adobe e-Reader Format)

ISBN: 0-8153-4057-5 (Print Edition) (vol. I)

ISBN: 0-8153-4058-3 (Print Edition) (vol. II)

ISBN: 0-8153-1336-5 (Print Edition) (set)

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Cataloging in Publication data available at the Library of Congress

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